Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses are completed the first time an item is included in a NAEP assessment. Three comparisons are made with each new item: scores of male students versus scores of female students, scores of White students versus scores of Black students, and scores of White students versus scores of Hispanic students. Items that exhibit a strong indication of DIF are labeled "C" for dichotomous items and "CC" for polytomous items. Numbers of new items classified in each DIF category using the Mantel-Haenszel procedure are provided, along with information about items categorized as "C" or "CC".
| Subject area | Year | Sample | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arts | 2008 | † | R3 |
| Civics | 2006 | † | R3 |
| Economics | 2006 | † | R3 |
| Geography | 2001 | R2 | R3 |
| Mathematics | 2007 | † | R3 |
| 2005 | † | R3 | |
| 2003 | † | R3 | |
| 2000 | R2 | R3 | |
| Reading | 2007 | † | R3 |
| 2005 | † | R3 | |
| 2003 | † | R3 | |
| 2002 | † | R3 | |
| 2000 | R2 | R3 | |
| Science | 2005 | † | R3 |
| 2000 | R2 | R3 | |
| U.S. history | 2006 | † | R3 |
| 2001 | R2 | R3 | |
| † = Not applicable. NOTE: Writing assessments did not indicate DIF. R2 refers to accommodations not offered. R3 refers to accommodations offered to students with disabilities (SD) and/or English language learners (ELL) participating in the NAEP assessment. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Selected Years, 2000–2008 Assessments. |
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| Subject area | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Sample | ||
| Mathematics long-term trend assessment | 2008 | R3 |
| 2004 | R3
|
|
| Reading long-term trend assessment | 2008 | R3 |
| 2004 | R3
|
|
| NOTE: R3 refers to accommodations offered to students with disabilities (SD) and/or English language learners (ELL) participating in the NAEP assessment. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Long-term Trend Assessments, 2004 and 2008. |
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