| 2004 long-term trend reading, percentage of students, average scale score, and percentage at or above each performance level, by contextual variable, age 9: Selected years, 1971–2004 |
| Statistic |
Contextual variable |
1971 |
1975 |
1980 |
1984 |
1988 |
1990 |
1992 |
1994 |
1996 |
1999 |
2004 Bridge |
| Percentage of students |
Time spent on homework |
No homework assigned |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
35 |
(1.3) |
* |
29 |
(2.1) |
* |
31 |
(1.9) |
* |
32 |
(1.7) |
* |
32 |
(2.1) |
* |
26 |
(1.6) |
* |
26 |
(1.6) |
|
21 |
(1.5) |
|
| Did not do homework |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
4 |
(0.3) |
* |
4 |
(0.4) |
* |
5 |
(0.4) |
* |
4 |
(0.3) |
* |
4 |
(0.4) |
* |
4 |
(0.3) |
* |
4 |
(0.3) |
|
3 |
(0.3) |
|
| Less than 1 hour |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
41 |
(1.0) |
* |
47 |
(1.5) |
* |
46 |
(1.6) |
* |
47 |
(1.4) |
* |
48 |
(1.7) |
* |
53 |
(1.5) |
* |
53 |
(1.4) |
* |
59 |
(1.4) |
|
| 1 - 2 hours |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
13 |
(0.4) |
|
13 |
(0.7) |
|
12 |
(0.6) |
|
12 |
(0.6) |
|
11 |
(0.7) |
|
13 |
(0.7) |
|
12 |
(0.7) |
|
13 |
(0.6) |
|
| More than 2 hours |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
6 |
(0.2) |
* |
7 |
(0.5) |
* |
6 |
(0.5) |
|
5 |
(0.5) |
|
4 |
(0.4) |
|
4 |
(0.3) |
|
5 |
(0.5) |
|
5 |
(0.3) |
|
| Pages read per day |
More than 20 |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
13 |
(0.5) |
* |
16 |
(1.1) |
* |
14 |
(0.8) |
* |
19 |
(1.0) |
* |
17 |
(1.0) |
* |
17 |
(1.0) |
* |
19 |
(1.0) |
* |
25 |
(1.0) |
|
| 16 - 20 |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
13 |
(0.4) |
* |
14 |
(0.7) |
|
13 |
(0.6) |
* |
14 |
(0.5) |
* |
14 |
(0.9) |
|
16 |
(0.9) |
|
14 |
(0.7) |
|
15 |
(0.7) |
|
| 11 - 15 |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
14 |
(0.4) |
|
15 |
(0.8) |
|
14 |
(0.8) |
|
14 |
(0.6) |
|
14 |
(0.5) |
|
15 |
(0.7) |
|
15 |
(0.7) |
|
13 |
(0.7) |
|
| 6 - 10 |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
25 |
(0.4) |
* |
28 |
(1.2) |
* |
25 |
(0.8) |
* |
25 |
(0.7) |
* |
26 |
(0.6) |
* |
25 |
(1.0) |
* |
24 |
(0.9) |
|
21 |
(0.8) |
|
| 5 or fewer |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
36 |
(0.8) |
* |
28 |
(1.7) |
|
34 |
(1.2) |
* |
29 |
(1.0) |
* |
28 |
(1.4) |
|
26 |
(1.1) |
|
28 |
(1.4) |
|
25 |
(1.1) |
|
| Items in the home |
0 - 2 items |
28 |
(0.8) |
* |
33 |
(0.7) |
* |
29 |
(0.9) |
* |
37 |
(0.9) |
* |
34 |
(1.5) |
* |
37 |
(1.2) |
* |
37 |
(0.7) |
* |
38 |
(1.1) |
* |
35 |
(1.4) |
* |
43 |
(1.5) |
* |
52 |
(0.9) |
|
| 3 items |
33 |
(0.4) |
* |
36 |
(0.4) |
* |
35 |
(0.4) |
* |
33 |
(0.5) |
* |
32 |
(0.8) |
|
34 |
(0.9) |
* |
33 |
(0.7) |
* |
32 |
(0.8) |
|
35 |
(1.1) |
* |
30 |
(0.7) |
|
30 |
(0.7) |
|
| 4 items |
39 |
(0.9) |
* |
32 |
(0.6) |
* |
35 |
(0.9) |
* |
30 |
(0.8) |
* |
34 |
(1.4) |
* |
29 |
(1.0) |
* |
30 |
(0.8) |
* |
30 |
(1.2) |
* |
30 |
(1.1) |
* |
26 |
(1.2) |
* |
18 |
(0.8) |
|
| I don't know |
# |
(0.0) |
|
# |
(0.0) |
* |
# |
(0.1) |
|
# |
(0.0) |
|
# |
(0.1) |
|
# |
(0.1) |
|
# |
(0.0) |
* |
# |
(0.0) |
* |
# |
(0.1) |
|
# |
(0.1) |
|
# |
(0.1) |
|
| Reading for fun |
Daily |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
53 |
(1.0) |
|
54 |
(1.8) |
|
54 |
(1.8) |
|
56 |
(1.2) |
|
58 |
(1.6) |
|
54 |
(1.9) |
|
54 |
(1.6) |
|
54 |
(1.6) |
|
| Weekly |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
28 |
(0.8) |
|
26 |
(1.3) |
|
25 |
(1.3) |
|
28 |
(1.2) |
|
25 |
(1.5) |
|
27 |
(1.8) |
|
26 |
(1.5) |
|
26 |
(1.2) |
|
| Monthly |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
7 |
(0.6) |
|
7 |
(0.8) |
|
6 |
(0.6) |
|
6 |
(0.5) |
|
5 |
(0.6) |
|
8 |
(1.0) |
|
6 |
(0.6) |
|
7 |
(0.5) |
|
| Yearly |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
3 |
(0.3) |
* |
4 |
(0.6) |
|
3 |
(0.6) |
|
3 |
(0.4) |
* |
3 |
(0.6) |
* |
3 |
(0.5) |
* |
4 |
(0.7) |
|
5 |
(0.7) |
|
| Never |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
9 |
(0.5) |
|
9 |
(0.9) |
|
12 |
(0.9) |
* |
7 |
(0.7) |
|
9 |
(0.8) |
|
8 |
(0.8) |
|
10 |
(0.8) |
|
8 |
(0.8) |
|
| Extent of reading in the home |
Never/Yearly/Monthly |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
| Weekly |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
| Daily |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
| Average scale score |
Time spent on homework |
No homework assigned |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
212 |
(1.0) |
|
212 |
(2.3) |
|
208 |
(1.5) |
* |
211 |
(1.5) |
* |
213 |
(2.0) |
|
210 |
(1.9) |
* |
210 |
(1.9) |
* |
217 |
(2.0) |
|
| Did not do homework |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
199 |
(2.3) |
|
195 |
(4.3) |
|
187 |
(4.8) |
* |
193 |
(4.0) |
|
200 |
(4.3) |
|
196 |
(5.2) |
|
204 |
(4.4) |
|
204 |
(4.1) |
|
| Less than 1 hour |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
217 |
(0.8) |
|
215 |
(1.5) |
* |
214 |
(1.7) |
* |
215 |
(1.1) |
* |
212 |
(1.4) |
* |
215 |
(1.0) |
* |
214 |
(1.5) |
* |
221 |
(1.0) |
|
| 1 - 2 hours |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
216 |
(1.4) |
|
213 |
(2.8) |
|
214 |
(2.8) |
|
211 |
(2.1) |
* |
214 |
(3.0) |
|
219 |
(2.1) |
|
215 |
(3.2) |
|
221 |
(2.3) |
|
| More than 2 hours |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
201 |
(1.9) |
|
200 |
(2.9) |
|
194 |
(3.5) |
* |
195 |
(4.4) |
|
193 |
(6.1) |
|
199 |
(4.5) |
|
197 |
(3.5) |
|
207 |
(3.2) |
|
| Pages read per day |
More than 20 |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
215 |
(1.6) |
* |
215 |
(2.7) |
|
217 |
(2.8) |
|
215 |
(2.0) |
* |
217 |
(2.4) |
|
218 |
(2.3) |
|
217 |
(2.1) |
|
222 |
(1.7) |
|
| 16 - 20 |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
215 |
(1.4) |
* |
214 |
(2.0) |
* |
214 |
(2.6) |
* |
215 |
(1.7) |
* |
209 |
(2.9) |
* |
217 |
(1.9) |
* |
214 |
(2.0) |
* |
223 |
(1.7) |
|
| 11 - 15 |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
220 |
(1.4) |
|
223 |
(2.2) |
|
219 |
(2.5) |
|
217 |
(1.9) |
|
217 |
(2.3) |
|
217 |
(2.0) |
|
221 |
(2.4) |
|
222 |
(1.7) |
|
| 6 - 10 |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
215 |
(1.0) |
* |
216 |
(2.2) |
|
211 |
(2.0) |
* |
212 |
(1.6) |
* |
214 |
(1.7) |
* |
215 |
(1.6) |
* |
212 |
(1.7) |
* |
220 |
(1.4) |
|
| 5 or fewer |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
208 |
(0.9) |
|
201 |
(2.1) |
* |
200 |
(1.4) |
* |
203 |
(1.5) |
* |
203 |
(2.3) |
* |
203 |
(1.6) |
* |
202 |
(1.8) |
* |
211 |
(1.3) |
|
| Items in the home |
0 - 2 items |
186 |
(1.0) |
* |
194 |
(0.9) |
* |
198 |
(1.3) |
* |
196 |
(0.7) |
* |
198 |
(2.0) |
* |
195 |
(1.3) |
* |
197 |
(1.3) |
* |
197 |
(1.5) |
* |
200 |
(1.6) |
* |
200 |
(1.3) |
* |
211 |
(1.1) |
|
| 3 items |
208 |
(1.0) |
* |
212 |
(0.7) |
* |
217 |
(1.0) |
* |
217 |
(0.8) |
* |
215 |
(1.4) |
* |
211 |
(1.8) |
* |
214 |
(1.2) |
* |
215 |
(1.5) |
* |
215 |
(1.4) |
* |
218 |
(1.7) |
* |
225 |
(1.4) |
|
| 4 items |
223 |
(0.9) |
* |
225 |
(0.8) |
* |
228 |
(0.9) |
* |
226 |
(1.0) |
* |
223 |
(1.6) |
* |
226 |
(1.9) |
* |
224 |
(1.4) |
* |
225 |
(1.4) |
* |
225 |
(1.6) |
* |
224 |
(1.9) |
* |
232 |
(1.4) |
|
| I don't know |
162 |
(7.7) |
|
— |
— |
|
168 |
(12.1) |
! |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
| Reading for fun |
Daily |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
214 |
(1.1) |
* |
213 |
(1.9) |
* |
215 |
(2.3) |
|
|
