| 2004 long-term trend reading, percentage at or above each performance level, by student group, age 17: Selected years, 1971–2004 |
| |
| Statistic |
Student group |
1971 |
1975 |
1980 |
1984 |
1988 |
1990 |
1992 |
1994 |
1996 |
1999 |
2004 Modified |
2004 Bridge |
| Percent at or above level 250 |
|
Total |
79 |
(0.9) |
|
80 |
(0.7) |
|
81 |
(0.9) |
|
83 |
(0.6) |
* |
86 |
(0.8) |
* |
84 |
(1.0) |
* |
82 |
(0.8) |
|
81 |
(1.0) |
|
82 |
(0.8) |
|
82 |
(1.0) |
|
79 |
(0.9) |
|
80 |
(1.0) |
|
| Gender |
Male |
74 |
(1.0) |
|
76 |
(0.8) |
|
78 |
(1.0) |
|
80 |
(0.7) |
* |
83 |
(1.4) |
* |
80 |
(1.4) |
* |
78 |
(1.2) |
* |
76 |
(1.5) |
|
77 |
(1.2) |
|
77 |
(1.5) |
|
73 |
(1.2) |
|
74 |
(1.4) |
|
| Female |
83 |
(1.0) |
* |
84 |
(0.9) |
|
84 |
(1.0) |
|
87 |
(0.6) |
|
88 |
(1.1) |
|
89 |
(1.0) |
|
87 |
(1.1) |
|
86 |
(1.2) |
|
87 |
(1.0) |
|
87 |
(1.0) |
|
84 |
(0.9) |
|
86 |
(1.0) |
|
| Race/ethnicity |
White |
84 |
(0.7) |
|
86 |
(0.6) |
|
87 |
(0.6) |
|
88 |
(0.5) |
|
89 |
(0.9) |
* |
88 |
(1.1) |
|
88 |
(0.9) |
|
86 |
(1.1) |
|
87 |
(0.8) |
|
87 |
(1.3) |
|
— |
— |
|
86 |
(1.0) |
|
| Black |
40 |
(1.6) |
* |
43 |
(1.6) |
* |
44 |
(2.0) |
* |
65 |
(1.5) |
|
76 |
(2.4) |
* |
69 |
(2.8) |
|
61 |
(2.3) |
|
66 |
(4.1) |
|
68 |
(4.0) |
|
66 |
(2.5) |
|
— |
— |
|
67 |
(3.0) |
|
| Hispanic |
— |
— |
|
53 |
(4.1) |
|
62 |
(3.1) |
|
68 |
(2.4) |
|
71 |
(4.8) |
|
75 |
(4.7) |
|
69 |
(4.0) |
|
63 |
(4.4) |
|
65 |
(4.2) |
|
68 |
(4.3) |
|
— |
— |
|
64 |
(3.7) |
|
| Other |
72 |
(4.4) |
! |
70 |
(4.8) |
! |
77 |
(3.6) |
|
77 |
(3.3) |
|
86 |
(6.4) |
|
83 |
(4.5) |
|
79 |
(3.8) |
|
77 |
(6.7) |
|
74 |
(4.7) |
|
83 |
(4.8) |
|
— |
— |
|
82 |
(2.9) |
|
| Modal grade |
Below modal grade |
40 |
(1.7) |
* |
44 |
(1.9) |
* |
46 |
(2.4) |
* |
60 |
(1.2) |
|
67 |
(2.5) |
|
64 |
(2.5) |
|
63 |
(1.9) |
|
60 |
(2.4) |
|
68 |
(2.0) |
|
71 |
(2.2) |
|
62 |
(1.7) |
|
65 |
(2.3) |
|
| At modal grade |
84 |
(0.8) |
|
86 |
(0.6) |
|
86 |
(0.8) |
|
89 |
(0.4) |
* |
91 |
(0.9) |
* |
91 |
(0.8) |
* |
91 |
(0.8) |
* |
89 |
(0.8) |
* |
88 |
(0.8) |
* |
88 |
(0.9) |
|
84 |
(0.8) |
|
84 |
(1.0) |
|
| Above modal grade |
90 |
(1.0) |
|
90 |
(1.0) |
|
90 |
(1.1) |
|
92 |
(1.0) |
|
94 |
(2.0) |
|
93 |
(1.8) |
|
88 |
(2.5) |
|
88 |
(3.3) |
|
86 |
(2.5) |
|
85 |
(6.4) |
|
87 |
(3.0) |
|
88 |
(2.7) |
|
| Region |
Northeast |
82 |
(2.0) |
|
83 |
(1.5) |
|
81 |
(1.9) |
|
85 |
(1.4) |
|
88 |
(1.9) |
|
86 |
(1.1) |
|
86 |
(2.0) |
|
86 |
(2.3) |
|
85 |
(2.4) |
|
85 |
(3.0) |
|
80 |
(1.9) |
|
84 |
(2.1) |
|
| Southeast |
68 |
(2.0) |
* |
73 |
(1.3) |
|
76 |
(2.3) |
|
80 |
(1.4) |
|
83 |
(2.1) |
|
81 |
(2.0) |
|
74 |
(2.5) |
|
78 |
(2.7) |
|
76 |
(1.7) |
|
76 |
(2.3) |
|
74 |
(1.3) |
|
78 |
(1.8) |
|
| Central |
83 |
(1.4) |
|
85 |
(1.2) |
|
83 |
(1.7) |
|
85 |
(1.4) |
|
87 |
(1.7) |
|
87 |
(1.6) |
|
87 |
(1.7) |
|
80 |
(3.1) |
|
86 |
(1.5) |
|
85 |
(1.1) |
|
84 |
(1.5) |
|
84 |
(1.8) |
|
| West |
78 |
(1.5) |
|
77 |
(1.7) |
|
82 |
(1.3) |
|
84 |
(1.0) |
* |
84 |
(1.6) |
* |
83 |
(2.4) |
|
83 |
(1.5) |
|
80 |
(1.7) |
|
81 |
(2.1) |
|
81 |
(2.1) |
|
77 |
(1.9) |
|
77 |
(2.0) |
|
| Type of location |
Central city |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
76 |
(1.9) |
|
75 |
(2.3) |
|
| Urban fringe |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
80 |
(1.4) |
|
83 |
(1.4) |
|
| Rural |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
78 |
(1.2) |
|
80 |
(2.3) |
|
| Parents' highest level of education |
Less than high school |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
63 |
(1.8) |
|
69 |
(1.4) |
|
69 |
(3.4) |
|
71 |
(2.9) |
|
69 |
(3.1) |
|
69 |
(2.5) |
|
67 |
(4.0) |
|
65 |
(4.7) |
|
— |
— |
|
61 |
(3.6) |
|
| Graduated high school |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
76 |
(1.1) |
|
80 |
(0.8) |
* |
82 |
(1.3) |
* |
81 |
(1.6) |
* |
78 |
(1.6) |
|
74 |
(2.0) |
|
73 |
(1.7) |
|
73 |
(2.4) |
|
— |
— |
|
74 |
(1.9) |
|
| Some education after high school |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
88 |
(0.8) |
|
90 |
(0.8) |
* |
92 |
(1.2) |
* |
88 |
(1.9) |
|
86 |
(1.9) |
|
86 |
(1.8) |
|
88 |
(2.1) |
|
89 |
(1.7) |
|
— |
— |
|
84 |
(1.7) |
|
| Graduated college |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
91 |
(0.8) |
|
91 |
(0.5) |
* |
92 |
(1.1) |
* |
91 |
(1.1) |
|
89 |
(1.3) |
|
88 |
(1.5) |
|
89 |
(1.4) |
|
88 |
(1.1) |
|
— |
— |
|
88 |
(1.0) |
|
| Unknown |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
51 |
(3.1) |
|
57 |
(2.4) |
|
54 |
(7.3) |
|
48 |
(5.2) |
|
55 |
(8.5) |
|
44 |
(8.0) |
|
53 |
(7.3) |
|
53 |
(10.0) |
|
— |
— |
|
51 |
(6.0) |
|
| Type of school |
Public |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
80 |
(1.0) |
|
82 |
(0.6) |
* |
85 |
(0.8) |
* |
83 |
(1.0) |
* |
81 |
(0.8) |
|
80 |
(1.2) |
|
81 |
(0.9) |
|
81 |
(1.0) |
|
77 |
(1.0) |
|
79 |
(1.1) |
|
| Between-group difference |
White-Black gap |
44 |
(1.8) |
* |
43 |
(1.7) |
* |
43 |
(2.1) |
* |
23 |
(1.6) |
|
13 |
(2.6) |
|
19 |
(3.0) |
|
27 |
(2.5) |
|
21 |
(4.2) |
|
19 |
(4.0) |
|
21 |
(2.8) |
|
19 |
(2.4) |
|
19 |
(3.1) |
|
| White-Hispanic gap |
— |
— |
|
33 |
(4.2) |
* |
25 |
(3.1) |
|
20 |
(2.4) |
|
17 |
(4.9) |
|
13 |
(4.8) |
|
19 |
(4.1) |
|
23 |
(4.5) |
|
22 |
(4.3) |
|
19 |
(4.5) |
|
16 |
(2.6) |
|
21 |
(3.8) |
|
| Male-Female gap |
-8 |
(1.4) |
|
-9 |
(1.2) |
|
-6 |
(1.4) |
* |
-7 |
(1.0) |
* |
-5 |
(1.8) |
* |
-9 |
(1.7) |
|
-8 |
(1.7) |
|
-9 |
(1.9) |
|
-10 |
(1.6) |
|
-11 |
(1.8) |
|
-10 |
(1.5) |
|
-12 |
(1.8) |
|
| Percent at or above level 300 |
|
Total |
39 |
(1.0) |
|
39 |
(0.8) |
|
38 |
(1.1) |
|
40 |
(1.0) |
|
41 |
(1.5) |
|
41 |
(1.0) |
* |
43 |
(1.1) |
* |
41 |
(1.2) |
* |
39 |
(1.4) |
|
40 |
(1.4) |
|
36 |
(1.2) |
|
38 |
(1.2) |
|
| Gender |
Male |
34 |
(1.1) |
|
34 |
(1.0) |
|
35 |
(1.3) |
|
36 |
(1.0) |
|
37 |
(2.3) |
|
36 |
(1.5) |
|
38 |
(1.6) |
* |
36 |
(1.9) |
|
34 |
(1.9) |
|
34 |
(1.7) |
|
32 |
(1.2) |
|
33 |
(1.5) |
|
| Female |
44 |
(1.2) |
|
44 |
(0.9) |
|
41 |
(1.2) |
|
45 |
(1.1) |
|
44 |
(2.0) |
|
47 |
(1.3) |
* |
48 |
(1.5) |
* |
46 |
(1.5) |
|
45 |
(1.7) |
|
45 |
(1.8) |
|
41 |
(1.6) |
|
42 |
(1.5) |
|
| Race/ethnicity |
White |
43 |
(0.9) |
|
44 |
(0.8) |
|
43 |
(1.1) |
|
47 |
(1.1) |
|
45 |
(1.6) |
|
48 |
(1.2) |
|
50 |
(1.4) |
* |
48 |
(1.4) |
|
46 |
(1.5) |
|
46 |
(1.5) |
|
— |
— |
|
45 |
(1.4) |
|
| Black |
8 |
(0.9) |
* |
8 |
(0.7) |
* |
7 |
(0.8) |
* |
16 |
(1.0) |
|
25 |
(3.1) |
|
20 |
(1.8) |
|
17 |
(2.5) |
|
21 |
(3.7) |
|
18 |
(2.2) |
|
17 |
(1.7) |
|
— |
— |
|
17 |
(2.0) |
|
| Hispanic |
— |
— |
|
13 |
(2.7) |
|
17 |
(2.1) |
|
21 |
(3.0) |
|
23 |
(3.7) |
|
27 |
(3.3) |
|
27 |
(3.2) |
|
20 |
(3.0) |
|
20 |
(4.8) |
|
24 |
(3.8) |
|
— |
— |
|
20 |
(2.4) |
|
| Other |
32 |
(3.4) |
! |
28 |
(4.1) |
! |
32 |
(3.7) |
|
38 |
(3.4) |
|
40 |
(5.7) |
|
40 |
(6.1) |
|
42 |
(6.4) |
|
39 |
(7.8) |
|
37 |
(6.5) |
|
40 |
(5.5) |
|
— |
— |
|
37 |
(4.0) |
|
| Modal grade |
Below modal grade |
7 |
(0.8) |
* |
8 |
(0.8) |
* |
8 |
(1.0) |
* |
13 |
(1.0) |
* |
16 |
(2.5) |
|
15 |
(1.7) |
* |
18 |
(1.7) |
|
17 |
(1.9) |
|
20 |
(2.1) |
|
25 |
(2.3) |
|
20 |
(1.6) |
|
22 |
(1.8) |
|
| At modal grade |
43 |
(1.0) |
|
43 |
(0.8) |
|
42 |
(1.2) |
|
46 |
(1.1) |
* |
47 |
(1.8) |
|
49 |
(1.1) |
* |
53 |
(1.5) |
* |
50 |
(1.4) |
* |
48 |
(1.6) |
* |
47 |
(1.4) |
* |
42 |
(1.3) |
|
42 |
(1.3) |
|
| Above modal grade |
53 |
(1.8) |
* |
52 |
(1.1) |
|
51 |
(2.2) |
|
56 |
(1.5) |
* |
57 |
(4.6) |
|
62 |
(3.6) |
* |
54 |
(3.8) |
|
60 |
(5.2) |
* |
54 |
(4.2) |
|
43 |
(8.0) |
|
42 |
(3.8) |
|
43 |
(4.4) |
|
| Region |
Northeast |
44 |
(2.6) |
|
42 |
(1.4) |
|
38 |
(2.6) |
|
43 |
(2.9) |
|
47 |
(3.1) |
|
47 |
(2.2) |
|
51 |
(3.1) |
|
49 |
(3.7) |
|
43 |
(3.3) |
|
47 |
(4.7) |
|
38 |
(2.0) |
|
42 |
(2.3) |
|
| Southeast |
28 |
(1.6) |
|
32 |
(1.4) |
|
34 |
(1.8) |
|
36 |
(2.1) |
|
36 |
(2.5) |
|
37 |
(2.7) |
|
33 |
(2.3) |
|
36 |
(2.7) |
|
32 |
(2.6) |
|
31 |
(2.1) |
|
32 |
(1.4) |
|
33 |
(1.9) |
|
| Central |
43 |
(1.9) |
|
44 |
(1.5) |
|
39 |
(2.4) |
|
41 |
(1.8) |
|
40 |
(4.2) |
|
44 |
(2.4) |
|
45 |
(2.7) |
|
39 |
(3.0) |
|
44 |
(2.4) |
|
44 |
(2.4) |
|
42 |
(1.8) |
|
43 |
(2.4) |
|
| West |
37 |
(1.5) |
|
35 |
(1.5) |
|
40 |
(2.2) |
|
41 |
(1.4) |
|
40 |
(2.4) |
|
38 |
(2.8) |
|
44 |
(2.5) |
* |
42 |
(2.7) |
|
39 |
(2.8) |
|
38 |
(2.8) |
|
34 |
(2.9) |
|
34 |
|
