| 2004 long-term trend reading, percentage at or above each performance level, by student group, age 13: Selected years, 1971–2004 |
| |
| Statistic |
Student group |
1971 |
1975 |
1980 |
1984 |
1988 |
1990 |
1992 |
1994 |
1996 |
1999 |
2004 Modified |
2004 Bridge |
| Percent at or above level 200 |
|
Total |
93 |
(0.5) |
|
93 |
(0.4) |
|
95 |
(0.4) |
|
94 |
(0.3) |
|
95 |
(0.6) |
|
94 |
(0.6) |
|
93 |
(0.7) |
|
92 |
(0.6) |
* |
92 |
(0.7) |
|
93 |
(0.7) |
|
92 |
(0.6) |
|
94 |
(0.6) |
|
| Gender |
Male |
91 |
(0.7) |
|
91 |
(0.5) |
|
93 |
(0.6) |
|
92 |
(0.4) |
|
93 |
(1.0) |
|
91 |
(0.9) |
|
90 |
(1.1) |
|
89 |
(1.1) |
|
89 |
(1.2) |
|
91 |
(0.9) |
|
89 |
(0.8) |
|
91 |
(0.8) |
|
| Female |
95 |
(0.4) |
|
95 |
(0.4) |
|
96 |
(0.4) |
|
96 |
(0.3) |
|
97 |
(0.6) |
|
96 |
(0.6) |
|
95 |
(0.7) |
|
95 |
(0.6) |
|
95 |
(0.6) |
|
96 |
(0.7) |
|
95 |
(0.6) |
|
96 |
(0.6) |
|
| Race/ethnicity |
White |
96 |
(0.3) |
|
96 |
(0.2) |
|
97 |
(0.2) |
|
96 |
(0.2) |
|
96 |
(0.6) |
|
96 |
(0.6) |
|
96 |
(0.6) |
|
95 |
(0.7) |
|
95 |
(0.5) |
|
96 |
(0.6) |
|
— |
— |
|
96 |
(0.6) |
|
| Black |
74 |
(1.7) |
* |
77 |
(1.3) |
* |
84 |
(1.7) |
|
85 |
(1.2) |
|
91 |
(2.2) |
|
88 |
(2.3) |
|
82 |
(2.7) |
|
81 |
(2.3) |
* |
82 |
(3.2) |
|
85 |
(2.3) |
|
— |
— |
|
89 |
(2.2) |
|
| Hispanic |
— |
— |
|
81 |
(2.3) |
* |
87 |
(2.4) |
|
86 |
(1.7) |
|
87 |
(2.6) |
|
86 |
(2.4) |
|
83 |
(3.5) |
|
82 |
(2.7) |
|
85 |
(3.2) |
|
89 |
(2.8) |
|
— |
— |
|
88 |
(1.8) |
|
| Other |
92 |
(2.2) |
! |
93 |
(2.0) |
! |
93 |
(2.6) |
! |
95 |
(1.1) |
|
99 |
— |
|
93 |
(4.2) |
! |
95 |
(2.0) |
|
91 |
(4.9) |
|
90 |
(3.5) |
! |
95 |
(2.6) |
|
— |
— |
|
95 |
(1.8) |
|
| Modal grade |
Below modal grade |
81 |
(1.1) |
* |
82 |
(0.9) |
* |
87 |
(1.2) |
|
87 |
(0.6) |
* |
90 |
(1.1) |
|
88 |
(1.3) |
|
86 |
(1.6) |
* |
86 |
(1.2) |
|
87 |
(1.3) |
|
88 |
(1.8) |
|
87 |
(0.9) |
|
90 |
(1.2) |
|
| At modal grade |
97 |
(0.3) |
* |
97 |
(0.2) |
* |
98 |
(0.3) |
* |
98 |
(0.2) |
* |
98 |
(0.5) |
* |
97 |
(0.3) |
* |
98 |
(0.3) |
* |
96 |
(0.5) |
|
95 |
(0.7) |
|
96 |
(0.5) |
|
95 |
(0.6) |
|
96 |
(0.5) |
|
| Above modal grade |
99 |
— |
|
96 |
— |
|
99 |
— |
! |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
| Region |
Northeast |
95 |
(0.8) |
|
94 |
(0.7) |
|
96 |
(0.8) |
|
95 |
(0.3) |
|
95 |
(1.3) |
|
95 |
(1.1) |
|
93 |
(2.0) |
|
96 |
(0.7) |
|
93 |
(1.8) |
|
95 |
(0.7) |
|
94 |
(1.4) |
|
96 |
(1.1) |
|
| Southeast |
87 |
(1.4) |
* |
90 |
(1.0) |
|
92 |
(0.8) |
|
93 |
(0.8) |
|
96 |
(1.1) |
|
93 |
(2.0) |
|
90 |
(1.9) |
|
90 |
(1.3) |
|
89 |
(1.8) |
|
91 |
(1.8) |
|
91 |
(0.9) |
|
94 |
(1.5) |
|
| Central |
95 |
(0.7) |
|
96 |
(0.4) |
|
97 |
(0.6) |
|
95 |
(0.6) |
|
95 |
(1.2) |
|
95 |
(0.8) |
|
95 |
(1.5) |
|
92 |
(1.7) |
|
97 |
(0.7) |
|
94 |
(1.3) |
|
94 |
(1.1) |
|
93 |
(1.3) |
|
| West |
93 |
(0.8) |
|
92 |
(1.0) |
|
94 |
(1.1) |
|
93 |
(0.8) |
|
94 |
(1.2) |
|
93 |
(0.9) |
|
93 |
(0.9) |
|
90 |
(1.6) |
|
91 |
(1.2) |
|
93 |
(1.2) |
|
90 |
(0.9) |
|
92 |
(1.0) |
|
| Type of location |
Central city |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
89 |
(1.3) |
|
92 |
(1.3) |
|
| Urban fringe |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
93 |
(0.8) |
|
94 |
(0.8) |
|
| Rural |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
93 |
(0.8) |
|
94 |
(1.0) |
|
| Parents' highest level of education |
Less than high school |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
88 |
(1.1) |
|
88 |
(1.2) |
|
93 |
(2.0) |
|
88 |
(2.6) |
|
88 |
(2.9) |
|
83 |
(2.9) |
|
86 |
(3.3) |
|
85 |
(3.4) |
|
— |
— |
|
87 |
(2.7) |
|
| Graduated high school |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
95 |
(0.5) |
|
94 |
(0.5) |
|
95 |
(0.8) |
|
94 |
(0.9) |
|
91 |
(1.6) |
|
91 |
(1.2) |
|
92 |
(1.0) |
|
91 |
(1.8) |
|
— |
— |
|
92 |
(1.2) |
|
| Some education after high school |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
98 |
(0.4) |
|
96 |
(0.5) |
|
95 |
(1.4) |
|
97 |
(1.2) |
|
95 |
(1.2) |
|
96 |
(1.4) |
|
97 |
(1.0) |
|
97 |
(0.9) |
|
— |
— |
|
96 |
(2.0) |
|
| Graduated college |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
98 |
(0.4) |
* |
97 |
(0.3) |
|
97 |
(0.6) |
|
96 |
(0.7) |
|
96 |
(0.5) |
|
96 |
(0.7) |
|
95 |
(0.7) |
|
97 |
(0.6) |
|
— |
— |
|
97 |
(0.5) |
|
| Unknown |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
84 |
(1.5) |
|
84 |
(0.8) |
|
87 |
(2.9) |
|
86 |
(2.9) |
|
81 |
(3.1) |
|
78 |
(3.7) |
|
78 |
(3.5) |
|
85 |
(2.5) |
|
— |
— |
|
87 |
(1.7) |
|
| Type of school |
Public |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
94 |
(0.5) |
|
93 |
(0.3) |
|
94 |
(0.6) |
|
93 |
(0.7) |
|
92 |
(0.8) |
|
91 |
(0.7) |
|
92 |
(0.7) |
|
92 |
(0.8) |
|
91 |
(0.7) |
|
93 |
(0.6) |
|
| Between-group difference |
White-Black gap |
22 |
(1.7) |
* |
20 |
(1.3) |
* |
13 |
(1.7) |
* |
11 |
(1.2) |
|
5 |
(2.3) |
|
8 |
(2.4) |
|
14 |
(2.8) |
|
14 |
(2.4) |
* |
14 |
(3.2) |
|
11 |
(2.4) |
|
9 |
(1.6) |
|
7 |
(2.2) |
|
| White-Hispanic gap |
— |
— |
|
15 |
(2.3) |
* |
10 |
(2.4) |
|
10 |
(1.8) |
|
9 |
(2.7) |
|
10 |
(2.5) |
|
13 |
(3.5) |
|
13 |
(2.8) |
|
11 |
(3.2) |
|
7 |
(2.9) |
|
10 |
(2.0) |
|
8 |
(1.9) |
|
| Male-Female gap |
-5 |
(0.8) |
|
-5 |
(0.6) |
|
-3 |
(0.7) |
|
-3 |
(0.5) |
|
-4 |
(1.1) |
|
-5 |
(1.1) |
|
-5 |
(1.3) |
|
-6 |
(1.3) |
|
-6 |
(1.3) |
|
-5 |
(1.2) |
|
-5 |
(1.0) |
|
-5 |
(1.0) |
|
| Percent at or above level 250 |
|
Total |
58 |
(1.1) |
|
59 |
(1.0) |
|
61 |
(1.1) |
|
59 |
(0.8) |
|
59 |
(1.3) |
|
59 |
(1.0) |
|
62 |
(1.4) |
|
60 |
(1.2) |
|
60 |
(1.3) |
|
61 |
(1.5) |
|
59 |
(1.1) |
|
61 |
(1.3) |
|
| Gender |
Male |
52 |
(1.2) |
|
52 |
(1.1) |
|
56 |
(1.2) |
|
54 |
(0.9) |
|
52 |
(1.9) |
|
52 |
(1.5) |
|
55 |
(2.0) |
|
53 |
(1.9) |
|
53 |
(1.6) |
|
55 |
(1.9) |
|
55 |
(1.3) |
|
55 |
(1.5) |
|
| Female |
64 |
(1.1) |
|
65 |
(1.2) |
|
65 |
(1.1) |
|
64 |
(0.8) |
|
65 |
(1.4) |
|
65 |
(1.5) |
|
68 |
(1.4) |
|
68 |
(1.7) |
|
66 |
(1.6) |
|
66 |
(1.9) |
|
65 |
(1.3) |
|
67 |
(1.8) |
|
| Race/ethnicity |
White |
64 |
(0.9) |
* |
65 |
(0.9) |
* |
68 |
(0.8) |
|
65 |
(0.8) |
* |
64 |
(1.5) |
* |
65 |
(1.2) |
|
68 |
(1.4) |
|
68 |
(1.3) |
|
69 |
(1.4) |
|
69 |
(1.7) |
|
— |
— |
|
69 |
(1.3) |
|
| Black |
21 |
(1.2) |
* |
25 |
(1.6) |
* |
30 |
(2.0) |
* |
35 |
(1.3) |
* |
40 |
(2.3) |
|
42 |
(3.5) |
|
38 |
(2.7) |
|
36 |
(3.5) |
|
34 |
(3.9) |
|
38 |
(2.7) |
|
— |
— |
|
45 |
(2.8) |
|
| Hispanic |
— |
— |
|
32 |
(3.6) |
* |
35 |
(2.6) |
|
39 |
(2.3) |
|
38 |
(4.4) |
|
37 |
(2.9) |
|
41 |
(5.1) |
|
34 |
(3.9) |
|
38 |
(3.7) |
|
43 |
(3.8) |
|
— |
— |
|
43 |
(2.0) |
|
| Other |
51 |
(4.6) |
!* |
56 |
(4.4) |
! |
56 |
(7.5) |
! |
64 |
(4.4) |
|
67 |
(6.1) |
|
53 |
(7.9) |
! |
68 |
(4.0) |
|
62 |
(5.5) |
|
55 |
(4.2) |
! |
56 |
(7.9) |
|
— |
— |
|
67 |
(3.8) |
|
| Modal grade |
Below modal grade |
27 |
(1.1) |
* |
31 |
(1.2) |
* |
39 |
(1.7) |
* |
38 |
(1.3) |
* |
41 |
(1.8) |
* |
43 |
(1.7) |
* |
44 |
(2.2) |
|
46 |
(2.2) |
|
47 |
(2.0) |
|
48 |
(2.2) |
|
48 |
(1.3) |
|
50 |
(2.0) |
|
| At modal grade |
69 |
(1.0) |
|
69 |
(0.9) |
|
70 |
(1.1) |
|
70 |
(0.8) |
|
70 |
(1.5) |
|
69 |
(1.2) |
|
74 |
(1.5) |
* |
72 |
(1.0) |
* |
68 |
(1.5) |
|
69 |
(1.9) |
|
66 |
(1.2) |
|
68 |
(1.2) |
|
| Above modal grade |
84 |
(2.8) |
|
79 |
(5.1) |
|
79 |
(6.3) |
! |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
| Region |
Northeast |
65 |
(2.3) |
|
62 |
(2.2) |
|
63 |
(2.1) |
|
63 |
(1.2) |
|
59 |
(2.5) |
|
61 |
(2.6) |
|
66 |
(3.1) |
|
71 |
(2.6) |
|
62 |
(3.1) |
|
65 |
(4.4) |
|
67 |
(2.7) |
|
68 |
(2.5) |
|
| Southeast |
46 |
(2.0) |
* |
51 |
(1.7) |
|
55 |
(1.9) |
|
58 |
(2.1) |
|
58 |
(3.5) |
|
57 |
(2.4) |
|
56 |
(3.1) |
|
55 |
(2.8) |
|
52 |
(3.7) |
|
55 |
(2.7) |
|
56 |
(2.0) |
|
59 |
(2.9) |
|
| Central |
63 |
(2.3) |
|
65 |
(1.8) |
|
67 |
(2.0) |
|
61 |
(1.8) |
|
58 |
(2.3) |
|
59 |
(2.4) |
|
66 |
(2.9) |
|
63 |
(3.9) |
|
69 |
(2.8) |
|
64 |
(3.1) |
|
63 |
(2.2) |
|
63 |
(2.7) |
|
| West |
56 |
(1.7) |
|
55 |
(2.1) |
|
58 |
(2.2) |
|
56 |
(1.1) |
|
60 |
(2.8) |
|
58 |
(2.0) |
|
59 |
(2.2) |
|
55 |
(2.4) |
|
58 |
(2.4) |
|
60 |
(2.7) |
|
55 |
(1.7) |
|
57 |
(2.1) |
|
| Type of location |
Central city |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
55 |
(2.0) |
|
56 |
(2.1) |
|
| Urban fringe |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
