Among full-time undergraduates enrolled in public 2-year institutions, the average tuition increased from $1,100 to $1,500 and the average net tuition (tuition minus grants) increased from $700 to $900 between 1989–90 and 1999–2000. The percentage of all full-time students receiving financial aid also grew (49 percent to 58 percent), as did the average amount of total aid received ($3,300 to $3,900) (figure C). Middle-income dependent students were more likely to take out loans at the end of the decade than at the beginning (lower middle: 9 percent to 19 percent; upper middle: 6 percent to 13 percent), although no measurable change was detected in the overall rate of borrowing among all full-time students (table A-1.6). The percentage of those who received unsubsidized Stafford loans increased from 1 percent to 9 percent (table A-1.7). Also contributing to the overall increase in aid between 1989–90 and 1999–2000 was growth in the percentage of all full-time students receiving grants (44 percent to 51 percent) (figure C). The percentage of dependent students who received federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (SEOGs) increased for those in the lowest income quarter¹² (7 percent to 16 percent). Dependent students were more likely to receive state grants (12 percent vs. 18 percent), and both dependent and independent students were more likely to receive institutional grants (16 percent vs. 9 percent) (table A-1.11).