The total price of attending private not-for-profit research and doctoral institutions increased from about $25,200 to $29,300. The net price after subtracting federal and state grants (net price 1) also increased, as did the net price after subtracting all grants combined (net price 2). However, when loans and grants were subtracted from total price (net price 3), undergraduates paid roughly $18,000 in both 1992–93 and 1999–2000 to attend private not-for-profit research and doctoral institutions.