Both the average total price and net price 1 (price minus federal and state grants) increased across all income levels for students attending public research and doctoral institutions and for middle- and high-income students attending public comprehensive and baccalaureate institutions. However, when all grants were subtracted (net price 2), no increase was detected for low-income students at either type of public 4-year institution. Increases, on the other hand, were observed for middle- and high-income students for net price 2. When loans and grants were subtracted (net price 3), no increases were detected for any income group at either type of institution, and declines in price due to increased borrowing were detected for low- and middle-income students.