Between 1992–93 and 1999–2000, the average total price of attendance at public research and doctoral institutions increased from about $12,200 to $13,600. After subtracting federal and state grants (net price 1) or all grants (net price 2), net price still increased. However, when all grants and loans were subtracted from total price, the average amount that undergraduates paid out of pocket was actually less in 1999–2000 ($8,900) than in 1992–93 ($9,700).