Seven characteristics have been shown to be associated with leaving postsecondary education without a degree (Horn and Premo 1995): not graduating from high school (or finishing with a GED or high school completion certificate), delaying enrollment in postsecondary education, being financially independent (i.e., for financial aid purposes), having dependents other than one’s spouse, being a single parent, attending part time, and working full time while enrolled. Among low- and middle-income beginning students, Pell Grant recipients were more likely than nonrecipients to have each of these persistence risk factors except for full-time employment and part-time enrollment. Recipients also had a higher average number of risk factors than did nonrecipients. Recipients’ likelihood of having such factors varied by institution type, with those at less-than-4-year institutions more likely than those at 4-year institutions to be at risk. Within each institution type, however, Pell Grant recipients were more likely than nonrecipients to be independent, to have children, and to be single parents.