Among low- and middle-income beginning students enrolled at public 4-year institutions, differences were found among students scoring in the lowest and middle quartiles on their entrance exams: Among those scoring in the lowest quartile, Pell Grant recipients were less likely to leave without a degree (15 versus 28 percent), while among those scoring in the middle quartiles, Pell Grant recipients were more likely to leave without a degree (17 versus 12 percent). However, in neither of these test score groups (lowest or middle quartiles) were differences detected in the likelihood of remaining enrolled at an institution of the same level or higher.