When examining low- and middle-income students in 4-year institutions separately within sector, some differences were observed among students enrolled at private not-for-profit institutions. Specifically, among those who had completed a mid-level high school academic curriculum, nonrecipients were more likely than Pell Grant recipients to remain enrolled at an institution of the same level or higher (64 versus 80 percent). Among those who had taken a rigorous high school curriculum, however, no differences in persistence rates were detected between recipients and nonrecipients (89 percent for both groups).