Considering all low- and middle-income beginning students who were enrolled at 4-year institutions in 1995–96, no differences in 3-year persistence rates were detected between Pell Grant recipients and nonrecipients. Furthermore, with one exception, no differences were detected in persistence between Pell recipients and nonrecipients when taking into account either SAT I/ACT composite test scores or high school curriculum. The exception was for those who scored in the lowest SAT I/ACT quartile: Pell grant recipients were less likely than nonrecipients to leave postsecondary education without a degree (16 versus 26 percent).