¹ For more information on the NPSAS survey, consult U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Methodology Report for the 1995–96 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NCES 98-0783) (Washington, D.C.: 1998). (return to text)

² The NPSAS:96 sample is not a simple random sample and, therefore, simple random sample techniques for estimating sampling error cannot be applied to these data. The DAS takes into account the complexity of the sampling procedures and calculates standard errors appropriate for such samples. The method for computing sampling errors used by the DAS involves approximating the estimator by the linear terms of a Taylor series expansion. The procedure is typically referred to as the Taylor series method. (return to text)

³ U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, A Note from the Chief Statistician, no. 2, 1993. (return to text)

⁴ The standard that p<=.05/k for each comparison is more stringent than the criterion that the significance level of the comparisons should sum to p<=.05. For tables showing the t statistics required to ensure that p<=.05/k for a particular family size and degrees of freedom, see Olive Jean Dunn, "Multiple Comparisons Among Means," Journal of the American Statistical Association 56: 52-64. (return to text)

⁵ For more information about least squares regression, see Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Applied Regression: An Introduction, vol. 22 (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1980) and William D. Berry and Stanley Feldman, Multiple Regression in Practice, vol. 50 (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1987). (return to text)

⁶ Although the DAS simplifies the process of making regression models, it also limits the range of models. Analysts who wish to use other than pairwise treatment of missing values to estimate probit/logit models (which are the most appropriate for models with categorical dependent variables) can apply for a restricted data license from NCES. See John H. Aldrich and Forrest D. Nelson "Linear Probability, Logit and Probit Models," Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, vol. 45. (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage University Press, 1984).(return to text)

⁷ The adjustment procedure and its limitations are described in C. J. Skinner, D. Hold, and T. M. F. Smith (eds.). Analysis of Complex Surveys. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1989). (return to text)