Frequently Asked Questions

• What is PIRLS?
• What questions can PIRLS answer?
• What aspects of reading literacy are assessed in PIRLS?
• What are the components of PIRLS?
• What is the data collection schedule?
• What is the sample design?
• Which countries are participating?
• How was PIRLS constructed and administered?
• How does PIRLS compare to the NAEP fourth-grade reading assessment?
• Where can I get a copy of the PIRLS U.S. Report?
• When will PIRLS be administered again?

What aspects of reading literacy are assessed in PIRLS?

PIRLS focuses on three aspects of reading literacy:

• Purposes for reading;
• Processes of comprehension; and
• Reading behaviors and attitudes.

The first two form the basis of the written test of reading comprehension. The student background questionnaire addresses the third aspect.

In PIRLS, purposes of reading refers to the two types of reading that account for most of the reading young students do, both in and out of school: (1) reading for literary experience, and (2) reading to acquire and use information. In the assessment, narrative fiction is used to assess students' ability to read for literary experience, while a variety of informational texts are used to assess students' ability to acquire and use information while reading. The PIRLS assessment contains an equal proportion of texts assessing each purpose.

Processes of comprehension refer to ways in which readers construct meaning from the text. Readers focus on and retrieve specific ideas, make inferences, interpret and integrate ideas and information, and examine or evaluate text features.

For more information on the purposes for reading and processes of comprehension, see the Framework and Specifications for PIRLS Assessment.

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