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Digest of Education Statistics
1999 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

Table 174  Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances in institutions of higher education: 1869-70 to 1996-97

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             Item             | 1869-70  |   1879-80 |    1889-90 |    1899-1900|    1909-10 |     1919-20  |     1929-30  |    1939-40   |      1949-50  |     1959-60   |    1969-70     |    1979-80     |    1989-90     |1995-96      |   1996-97
______________________________|__________|___________|____________|_____________|____________|______________|______________|______________|_______________|_______________|________________|________________|________________|________________|________________
              1               |     2    |      3    |       4    |        5    |      6     |        7     |        8     |      9       |        10     |        11     |       12       |       13       |        14      |     15      |        16
______________________________|__________|___________|____________|_____________|____________|______________|______________|______________|_______________|_______________|________________|________________|________________|________________|________________
                              |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
Total institutions\1\ ........|      563 |       811 |        998 |         977 |        951 |        1,041 |        1,409 |        1,708 |         1,851 |         2,004 |          2,525 |          3,152 |          3,535 |       3,706 |          4,009
                              |==========|===========|============|=============|============|==============|==============|==============|===============|===============|================|================|================|================|================
                              |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
Total faculty\2\ .............|\3\ 5,553 |\3\ 11,522 |\3\  15,809 |      23,868 |     36,480 |       48,615 |       82,386 |      146,929 |       246,722 |       380,554 |\4\     450,000 |\4\     675,000 |\5\     824,220 |\5\     931,706 |            ---
  Men ........................|\3\ 4,887 |\3\  7,328 |\3\  12,704 |      19,151 |     29,132 |       35,807 |       60,017 |      106,328 |       186,189 |       296,773 |\4\     346,000 |\4\     479,000 |\5\     577,298 |     562,893 |            ---
  Women ......................|\3\   666 |\3\  4,194 |\3\   3,105 |       4,717 |      7,348 |       12,808 |       22,369 |       40,601 |        60,533 |        83,781 |\4\     104,000 |\4\     196,000 |\5\     246,922 |     368,813 |            ---
                              |==========|===========|============|=============|============|==============|==============|==============|===============|===============|================|================|================|================|================
                              |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
Total fall enrollment\6\ .....|\3\52,286 |\3\115,817 |\3\ 156,756 |     237,592 |\3\ 355,213 |      597,880 |    1,100,737 |    1,494,203 |     2,659,021 |     3,639,847 |      8,004,660 |     11,569,899 |     13,538,560 |  14,261,781 |     14,367,520
  Men ........................|\3\41,160 |\3\ 77,972 |\3\ 100,453 |     152,254 |\3\ 214,648 |      314,938 |      619,935 |      893,250 |     1,853,068 |     2,332,617 |      4,746,201 |      5,682,877 |      6,190,015 |   6,342,539 |      6,352,825
  Women ......................|\3\11,126 |\3\ 37,845 |\3\  56,303 |      85,338 |\3\ 140,565 |      282,942 |      480,802 |      600,953 |       805,953 |     1,307,230 |      3,258,459 |      5,887,022 |      7,348,545 |   7,919,242 |      8,014,695
                              |==========|===========|============|=============|============|==============|==============|==============|===============|===============|================|================|================|================|================
   Earned degrees conferred   |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
                              |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
Associate, total .............|      --- |       --- |        --- |         --- |        --- |          --- |          --- |          --- |           --- |           --- |        206,023 |        400,910 |        455,102 |\7\     555,216 |\7\     571,226
  Men ........................|      --- |       --- |        --- |         --- |        --- |          --- |          --- |          --- |           --- |           --- |        117,432 |        183,737 |        191,195 |\7\     219,514 |\7\     223,948
  Women ......................|      --- |       --- |        --- |         --- |        --- |          --- |          --- |          --- |           --- |           --- |         88,591 |        217,173 |        263,907 |\7\     335,702 |\7\     347,278
                              |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
Bachelor's, total\8\ .........|    9,371 |    12,896 |     15,539 |      27,410 |     37,199 |       48,622 |      122,484 |      186,500 |       432,058 |       392,440 |        792,316 |        929,417 |      1,051,344 |\7\   1,164,792 |\7\   1,172,879
  Men ........................|    7,993 |    10,411 |     12,857 |      22,173 |     28,762 |       31,980 |       73,615 |      109,546 |       328,841 |       254,063 |        451,097 |        473,611 |        491,696 |\7\     522,454 |\7\     520,515
  Women ......................|    1,378 |     2,485 |      2,682 |       5,237 |      8,437 |       16,642 |       48,869 |       76,954 |       103,217 |       138,377 |        341,219 |        455,806 |        559,648 |\7\     642,338 |\7\     652,364
                              |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
Master's, total\9\ ...........|        0 |       879 |      1,015 |       1,583 |      2,113 |        4,279 |       14,969 |       26,731 |        58,183 |        74,435 |        208,291 |        298,081 |        324,301 |\7\     406,301 |\7\     419,401
  Men ........................|        0 |       868 |        821 |       1,280 |      1,555 |        2,985 |        8,925 |       16,508 |        41,220 |        50,898 |        125,624 |        150,749 |        153,653 |\7\     179,081 |\7\     180,947
  Women ......................|        0 |        11 |        194 |         303 |        558 |        1,294 |        6,044 |       10,223 |        16,963 |        23,537 |         82,667 |        147,332 |        170,648 |\7\     227,220 |\7\     238,454
                              |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
First-professional, total\8\ .|    (\8\) |     (\8\) |      (\8\) |       (\8\) |      (\8\) |        (\8\) |        (\8\) |        (\8\) |         (\8\) |         (\8\) |         34,918 |         70,131 |         70,988 |\7\      76,734 |\7\      78,730
  Men ........................|    (\8\) |     (\8\) |      (\8\) |       (\8\) |      (\8\) |        (\8\) |        (\8\) |        (\8\) |         (\8\) |         (\8\) |         33,077 |         52,716 |         43,961 |\7\      44,748 |\7\      45,564
  Women ......................|    (\8\) |     (\8\) |      (\8\) |       (\8\) |      (\8\) |        (\8\) |        (\8\) |        (\8\) |         (\8\) |         (\8\) |          1,841 |         17,415 |         27,027 |\7\      31,986 |\7\      33,166
                              |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
Doctor's, total ..............|        1 |        54 |        149 |         382 |        443 |          615 |        2,299 |        3,290 |         6,420 |         9,829 |         29,866 |         32,615 |         38,371 |\7\      44,652 |\7\      45,876
  Men ........................|        1 |        51 |        147 |         359 |        399 |          522 |        1,946 |        2,861 |         5,804 |         8,801 |         25,890 |         22,943 |         24,401 |\7\      26,841 |\7\      27,146
  Women ......................|        0 |         3 |          2 |          23 |         44 |           93 |          353 |          429 |           616 |         1,028 |          3,976 |          9,672 |         13,970 |\7\      17,811 |\7\      18,730
                              |==========|===========|============|=============|============|==============|==============|==============|===============|===============|================|================|================|================|================
    Finances, in thousands    |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
                              |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
Current-fund revenue .........|      --- |       --- |        --- |         --- |    $76,883 |     $199,922 |     $554,511 |     $715,211 |    $2,374,645 |    $5,785,537 |    $21,515,242 |    $58,519,982 |   $139,635,477 |\7\$197,973,236 |            ---
  Educational and general     |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
    income ...................|      --- |       --- |    $21,464 |     $35,084 |     67,917 |      172,929 |      483,065 |      571,288 |     1,833,845 |     4,688,352 |     16,486,177 |            --- |            --- |         --- |            ---
Current-fund expenditures ....|      --- |       --- |        --- |         --- |        --- |          --- |      507,142 |      674,688 |     2,245,661 |     5,601,376 |     21,043,113 |     56,913,588 |    134,655,571 |\7\ 190,476,163 |            ---
  Educational and general     |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
    expenditures .............|      --- |       --- |        --- |         --- |        --- |          --- |      377,903 |      521,990 |     1,706,444 |     4,685,258 |     16,845,212 |     44,542,843 |    105,585,076 |\7\ 151,445,605 |            ---
Value of physical property ...|      --- |       --- |     95,426 |     253,599 |    457,594 |      747,333 |    2,065,049 |\10\2,753,780 |     4,799,964 |    13,548,548 |     42,093,580 |     83,733,387 |    164,635,000 |\7\ 220,400,104 |            ---
Market value of endowment     |          |           |            |             |            |              |              |              |               |               |                |                |                |             |
  funds ......................|      --- |       --- |\11\ 78,788 |\11\ 194,998 |\11\323,661 |\11\  569,071 |\11\1,372,068 |\11\1,686,283 |\11\ 2,601,223 |\11\ 5,322,080 |     11,206,632 |     20,743,045 |     67,978,726 |\7\ 128,837,030 |            ---
______________________________|__________|___________|____________|_____________|____________|______________|______________|______________|_______________|_______________|________________|________________|________________|________________|________________

\1\Prior to 1979-80, excludes branch campuses. In 1996-97, includes degree-granting institutions.
\2\Total number of different individuals (not reduced to full-time equivalent). Beginning in 1959-60, data are for the first term of the academic year. Beginning in 1969-70, data include only instructional faculty with the rank of instructor or above.
\3\Estimated.
\4\Estimated number of senior instructional staff. Excludes graduate assistants.
\5\Because of revised survey procedures, data may not be directly comparable with figures prior to 1989-90.
\6\Data for 1869-70 to 1949-50 are for resident degree-credit students who enrolled at any time during the academic year. In 1996-97, includes degree-granting institutions.
\7\Data for 4-year and 2-year degree-granting institutions that were eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.
\8\From 1869-70 to 1959-60, first-professional degrees included under bachelor's degrees.
\9\Figures for years prior to 1969-70 are not precisely comparable with later data.
\10\Includes unexpended plant funds.
\11\Book value. Includes other nonexpendable funds.
---Data not available. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States; Education Directory, Colleges and Universities; Faculty and Other Professional Staff in Institutions of Higher Education; Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities; Earned Degrees Conferred; Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education; and Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education," "Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred," and "Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education" surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Enrollment," "Completions," and "Finance" surveys. (This table was prepared October 1999.)


1999 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest