Table 38. | Historical summary of public elementary and secondary schoolstatistics: 1869-70 to 1992-93 |
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Item | 1869-70 |1879-80| 1889-90|1899-1900| 1909-10|1919-20 |1929-30 |1939-40 |1949-50 | 1959-60 | 1969-70 | 1979-80 | 1989-90 | 1990-91 | 1992-93 _________________________________________________|__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 _________________________________________________|__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________ Population, pupils, and instructional staff | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total population,\1\ in thousands ...............| 38,558 |50,156 | 62,622 | 75,995 | 90,490 |104,514 |121,767 |130,880 |149,199 | 179,323 | 201,385 | 224,567 | 246,819 | 249,402 | 255,028 Population aged 5-17 years,\1\ in thousands .....| 11,683 |15,066 | 18,473 | 21,573 | 24,011 | 27,571 | 31,414 | 30,151 | 30,223 | 43,881 | 52,386 | 48,041 | 44,947 | 45,306 | 46,662 Percent of total population 5-17 ................| 30.3 | 30.0 | 29.5 | 28.4 | 26.5 | 26.4 | 25.8 | 23.0 | 20.3 | 24.5 | 26.0 | 21.4 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.3 |==========|=======|========|=========|========|========|========|========|========|===========|===========|============|=============|=============|============= Total enrollment in elementary and secondary | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | schools, in thousands\2\ .......................|\3\ 7,562 | 9,867 | 12,723 | 15,503 | 17,814 | 21,578 | 25,678 | 25,434 | 25,112 | 36,087 | 45,550 | 41,651 | 40,543 | 41,217 | 42,816 |__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________ Kindergarten and grades 1-8, in thousands .....|\3\ 7,481 | 9,757 | 12,520 | 14,984 | 16,899 | 19,378 | 21,279 | 18,833 | 19,387 | 27,602 | 32,513 | 28,034 | 29,152 | 29,878 | 31,081 Grades 9-12, in thousands .....................|\3\ 80 | 110 | 203 | 519 | 915 | 2,200 | 4,399 | 6,601 | 5,725 | 8,485 | 13,037 | 13,616 | 11,390 | 11,338 | 11,735 |==========|=======|========|=========|========|========|========|========|========|===========|===========|============|=============|=============|============= Enrollment as a percent of total population .....|\3\ 19.6 | 19.7 | 20.3 | 20.4 | 19.7 | 20.6 | 21.1 | 19.4 | 16.8 | 20.1 | 22.6 | 18.5 | 16.4 | 16.5 | 16.8 Enrollment as a percent of 5- to 17-year-olds ...|\3\ 64.7 | 65.5 | 68.9 | 71.9 | 74.2 | 78.3 | 81.7 | 84.4 | 83.1 | 82.2 | 87.0 | 86.7 | 90.2 | 91.0 | 91.8 Percent of total enrollment in high schools | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (grades 9-12 and postgraduate) .................|\3\ 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 10.2 | 17.1 | 26.0 | 22.8 | 23.5 | 28.6 | 32.7 | 28.1 | 27.5 | 27.4 High school graduates, in thousands .............| --- | --- | 22 | 62 | 111 | 231 | 592 | 1,143 | 1,063 | 1,627 | 2,589 | 2,748 | 2,320 | 2,235 | 2,233 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average daily attendance, in thousands ..........| 4,077 | 6,144 | 8,154 | 10,633 | 12,827 | 16,150 | 21,265 | 22,042 | 22,284 | 32,477 | 41,934 | 38,289 | 37,799 | 38,427 | 39,568 Total number of days attended by pupils | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | enrolled, in millions ..........................| 539 | 801 | 1,098 | 1,535 | 2,011 | 2,615 | 3,673 | 3,858 | 3,964 | 5,782 | 7,501 |\4\ 6,835 | --- | --- | --- Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily ......| 59.3 | 62.3 | 64.1 | 68.6 | 72.1 | 74.8 | 82.8 | 86.7 | 88.7 | 90.0 | 90.4 |\4\ 90.1 | --- | --- | --- Average length of school term, in days ..........| 132.2 | 130.3 | 134.7 | 144.3 | 157.5 | 161.9 | 172.7 | 175.0 | 177.9 | 178.0 | 178.9 |\4\ 178.5 | --- | 179.8 | --- Average number of days attended per pupil .......| 78.4 | 81.1 | 86.3 | 99.0 | 113 | 121.2 | 143 | 151.7 | 157.9 | 160.2 | 161.7 |\4\ 160.8 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total instructional staff, in thousands .........| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 678 | 880 | 912 | 963 | 1,457 | 2,286 | 2,406 | 2,986 | 3,051 | 3,140 Supervisors, in thousands .....................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 7 | 7 | 5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- Principals, in thousands ......................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 14 | 31 | 32 | 43 | 64 | 91 | 106 | 126 | 127 | 122 Teachers, librarians, and other nonsupervisory | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | instructional staff,\5\ in thousands .........| 201 | 287 | 364 | 423 | 523 | 657 | 843 | 875 | 920 | 1,393 | 2,195 | 2,300 | 2,860 | 2,924 | 3,017 Men, in thousands ...........................| 78 | 123 | 126 | 127 | 110 | 93 | 140 | 195 | 196 |\4\ 404 |\4\ 711 |\4\ 782 | --- | --- | --- Women, in thousands .........................| 123 | 164 | 238 | 296 | 413 | 585 | 703 | 681 | 724 |\4\ 989 |\4\ 1,484 |\4\ 1,518 | --- | --- | --- Percent men .................................| 38.7 | 42.8 | 34.5 | 29.9 | 21.1 | 14.1 | 16.6 | 22.2 | 21.3 |\4\ 29.0 |\4\ 32.4 |\4\ 34.0 | --- | --- | --- |__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________ Finance | Amounts in millions of current dollars |_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total revenue receipts ..........................| ---| --- | $143 | $220 | $433 | $970 | $2,089 | $2,261 | $5,437 | $14,747 | $40,267 | $96,881 | $208,548 | $223,341 | $248,496 Federal government ............................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 2 | 7 | 40 | 156 | 652 | 3,220 | 9,504 | 12,701 | 13,776 | 17,267 State governments .............................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 160 | 354 | 684 | 2,166 | 5,768 | 16,063 | 45,349 | 98,239 | 105,325 | 113,397 Local sources, including intermediate .........| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 808 | 1,728 | 1,536 | 3,116 | 8,327 | 20,985 | 42,029 | 97,608 | 104,240 | 117,832 Percent of revenue receipts from | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Federal government ............................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.9 State governments .............................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 16.5 | 16.9 | 30.3 | 39.8 | 39.1 | 39.9 | 46.8 | 47.1 | 47.2 | 45.6 Local sources, including intermediate .........| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 83.2 | 82.7 | 68.0 | 57.3 | 56.5 | 52.1 | 43.4 | 46.8 | 46.7 | 47.4 Total expenditures for public schools ...........| $63 | $78 | $141 | $215 | $426 | $1,036 | $2,317 | $2,344 | $5,838 | $15,613 | $40,683 | $95,962 | $212,473 | $229,430 | $253,859 Current expenditures\6\ .......................| ---| --- | 114 | 180 | 356 | 861 | 1,844 | 1,942 | 4,687 |\7\ 12,329 |\7\ 34,218 |\7\ 86,984 |\7\ 187,933 |\7\ 202,038 |\7\ 221,353 Capital outlay\8\ .............................| ---| --- | 26 | 35 | 70 | 154 | 371 | 258 | 1,014 | 2,662 | 4,659 | 6,506 | 17,781 | 19,771 | 22,669 Interest on school debt .......................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 18 | 93 | 131 | 101 | 490 | 1,171 | 1,874 | 3,776 | 4,325 | 5,439 Other current expenditures\9\ .................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 3 | 10 | 13 | 36 | 133 | 636 |\10\ 598 | 2,983 | 3,296 | 4,399 Percent of total expenditures devoted to: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Current expenditures\6\ .......................| ---| --- | 81.3 | 83.5 | 83.6 | 83.1 | 79.6 | 82.8 | 80.3 |\7\ 79.0 |\7\ 84.1 |\7\ 90.6 |\7\ 88.5 |\7\ 88.1 |\7\ 87.2 Capital outlay\8\ .............................| ---| --- | 18.7 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 14.8 | 16.0 | 11.0 | 17.4 | 17.0 | 11.5 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 8.9 Interest on school debt .......................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.8 | 4.0 | 5.6 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 Other current expenditures\9\ .................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 |\10\ 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.7 |__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________ | | | | Amounts in current dollars |__________________|________|_________|___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Annual salary of instructional staff\11\ ........| $189 | $195 | $252 | $325 | $485 | $871 | $1,420 | $1,441 | $3,010 | $5,174 | $9,047 |\12\$16,715 |\12\ $32,638 |\12\ $34,412 |\12\ $36,454 Personal income per member of labor force\1\ ....| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1,634 | 1,356 | 3,400 | 5,722 | 9,583 | 19,370 | 35,362 | 37,454 | 40,588 Total school expenditures per capita of total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | population .....................................| 1.59 | 1.56 | 2.23 | 2.83 | 4.71 | 9.91 | 19.03 | 17.91 | 39 | 87 | 202 | 427 | 861 | 920 | 995 National income\1\ per capita ...................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 667 | 587 | 1,520 | 2,287 | 3,966 | 9,079 | 17,217 | 18,007 | 18,937 Current expenditure\6,13\ per pupil in A.D.A.\14\| ---| --- | 13.99 | 16.67 | 27.85 | 53.32 | 86.70 | 88.09 | 210 | 375 | 816 | 2,272 | 4,972 | 5,258 | 5,594 Total expenditure\15\ per pupil in A.D.A. .......| 15.55 | 12.71 | 17.23 | 20.21 | 33.23 | 64.16 | 108.49 | 105.74 | 260 | 471 | 955 | 2,491 | 5,542 | 5,885 | 6,305 National income per pupil in A.D.A. .............| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,845 | 3,502 | 10,312 | 12,627 | 19,044 | 53,250 | 112,423 | 116,872 | 122,056 Current expenditure per day\16\ per pupil in | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A.D.A.\6\ ......................................| ---| --- | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 1.17 | 2.11 | 4.56 | 12.73 | --- | --- | --- Total expenditure per day per pupil in A.D.A. ...| 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.40 | 0.63 | 0.60 | 1.46 | 2.65 | 5.34 | 13.95 | --- | --- | --- |__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________ | Amounts in constant 1992-93 dollars |__________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Annual salary of instructional staff\11\ ........| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | $6,514 |$11,824 |$14,696 |$18,114 | $25,097 | $34,134 |\12\$30,687 |\12\ $36,635 |\12\ $36,624 |\12\ $36,454 Personal income per member of labor force\1\ ....| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 13,606 | 13,829 | 20,461 | 27,755 | 36,158 | 35,561 | 39,693 | 39,862 | 40,588 Total school expenditures per capita of total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | population .....................................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 74 | 158 | 183 | 236 | 422 | 762 | 785 | 966 | 979 | 995 National income\1\ per capita ...................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5,554 | 5,987 | 9,147 | 11,093 | 14,962 | 16,668 | 19,326 | 19,165 | 18,937 Current expenditure\6,13\ per pupil in A.D.A.\14\| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 399 | 722 | 898 | 1,264 | 1,820 | 3,079 | 4,171 | 5,581 | 5,596 | 5,594 Total expenditure\15\ per pupil in A.D.A. .......| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 480 | 903 | 1,078 | 1,567 | 2,285 | 3,603 | 4,573 | 6,221 | 6,263 | 6,305 National income per pupil in A.D.A. .............| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 32,015 | 35,715 | 62,058 | 61,250 | 71,854 | 97,761 | 126,191 | 124,385 | 122,056 Current expenditure per day\16\ per pupil in | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A.D.A.\6\ ......................................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.47 | 4.16 | 5.10 | 7.04 | 10.23 | 17.20 | 23.37 | --- | --- | --- Total expenditure per day per pupil in A.D.A. ...| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.81 | 4.93 | 5.75 | 8.26 | 12.08 | 18.93 | 24.06 | --- | --- | --- _________________________________________________|__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________ |
\1\Data on population and labor force are from the Bureau of the Census, and data on personal income and national income are from the Bureau of Economic
Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Population data through 1900 are based on total population from the decennial census. From 1909-10 to 1959-60,
population data are total population, including armed forces overseas, as of July 1. Data for later years are for resident population that excludes armed
forces overseas. NOTE.--Kindergarten enrollment includes a relatively small number of nursery school pupils. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Beginning in 1959-60, data include Alaska and Hawaii. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, FY 1980; Common Core of Data surveys; and Council of Economic Advisers, Economic Indicators. (This table was prepared June 1995.) |