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| 2007 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 405. | Total public direct expenditures on education as a percentage of the gross domestic product, by level and country: Selected years, 1985 through 2003 |
| Country | All institutions | Primary and secondary institutions | Higher education institutions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 20011 | 20021 | 20031 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 20011 | 20021 | 20031 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 20011 | 20021 | 20031 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | ||||||||||
| Average for year | 5.3 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||||
| Average for countries reporting data for all years |
5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.0 | ||||||||||
| Australia | 5.4 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | ||||||||||
| Austria | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 2 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | ||||||||
| Belgium3 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 4 | 4.0 | 4 | 4.1 | 4 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 4 | 1.2 | 4 | 1.2 | 4 | 1.2 | ||||
| Canada | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 4.6 | — | 4.1 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 6 | 3.1 | 6 | 3.2 | 6,7 | — | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 6 | 1.5 | 6 | 1.3 | 6 | — | ||||
| Czech Republic | (5) | (5) | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | (5) | (5) | 3.4 | 3.0 | 4 | 2.8 | 4 | 2.8 | 2.9 | (5) | (5) | 0.7 | 0.8 | 4 | 0.8 | 4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | ||||||
| Denmark | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 8.4 | 6.8 | 2 | 6.8 | 2 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 2,8 | 4.2 | 2,8 | 4.1 | 2,8 | 4.1 | 8 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 2,8 | 1.8 | 2,8 | 1.9 | 2,8 | 1.7 | 8 |
| Finland | 5.8 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.0 | — | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | — | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | ||||||||||
| France | — | 5.1 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.8 | — | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | — | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | ||||||||||
| Germany9 | 4.6 | — | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 2.8 | — | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||||
| Greece | — | — | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 2 | 3.9 | 2 | 4.0 | — | — | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2 | 2.4 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.6 | 7 | — | — | 0.8 | 0.9 | 2 | 1.1 | 2 | 1.2 | 2 | 1.2 | |
| Hungary | — | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.5 | — | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.5 | — | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||||
| Iceland | — | 4.3 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 2 | 6.8 | 2 | 7.5 | — | 3.3 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 2 | 5.0 | 2 | 5.4 | 2,8 | 5.2 | 8 | — | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 2 | 0.9 | 2 | 1.0 | 2,8 | 1.1 | 8 |
| Ireland | 5.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 4 | 2.9 | 4 | 3.0 | 4 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 4 | 1.1 | 4 | 1.1 | 4 | 1.0 | ||||
| Italy | 4.7 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | ||||||||||
| Japan | — | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | — | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 8 | 2.7 | 8 | 2.7 | 8 | 2.7 | 8 | — | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.4 | 8 | 0.5 | 8 | ||
| Korea, Republic of | — | — | 3.6 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.6 | — | — | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | — | — | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | ||||||||||
| Luxembourg | — | — | 4.3 | — | 3.6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 4.2 | — | 3.6 | 2 | 3.9 | 2,8 | 4.0 | 7 | — | — | 0.1 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Mexico | — | 3.2 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.6 | — | 2.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.8 | — | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.9 | ||||||||||
| Netherlands | 6.2 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | ||||||||||
| New Zealand | — | 5.5 | 5.3 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.7 | — | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 | — | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ||||||||||
| Norway | 5.1 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | ||||||||||
| Poland | — | — | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 2 | 5.5 | 2 | 5.8 | — | — | 3.3 | 3.8 | 2 | 4.0 | 2 | 4.0 | 2 | 4.2 | — | — | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2 | 1.1 | 2 | 1.1 | 2 | 1.0 | ||
| Portugal | — | — | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 2 | 5.7 | 2 | 5.8 | — | — | 4.1 | 4.2 | 2 | 4.2 | 2 | 4.2 | 2 | 4.2 | — | — | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.9 | 2 | 1.0 | ||
| Russian Federation | (5) | (5) | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 2 | 3.7 | (5) | (5) | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | (5) | (5) | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | |||||||||
| Slovak Republic | (5) | (5) | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 2,4 | 4.0 | 4.3 | (5) | (5) | — | 2.7 | 2,4 | 2.6 | 2,4 | 2.7 | 2,4 | 2.8 | 10,11 | (5) | (5) | — | 0.7 | 2,4 | 0.8 | 2,4 | 0.7 | 2,4 | 0.8 | 10,11 | |
| Spain | 3.6 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | ||||||||||
| Sweden | — | 5.3 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.5 | — | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4 | 4.3 | 4 | 4.6 | 4 | 4.5 | — | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 4 | 1.5 | 4 | 1.6 | 4 | 1.6 | ||||
| Switzerland | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | ||||||||||
| Turkey | — | 3.2 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2 | 3.4 | 2 | 3.6 | — | 2.3 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.3 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | — | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 2 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.1 | |
| United Kingdom | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | ||||||||||
| United States | 4.7 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 6 | 3.8 | 6 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 6 | 0.9 | 6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | ||||||
|
— Not available. 1 Includes public subsidies to households attributable for educational institutions and direct expenditure on educational institutions from international sources, except where noted. 2 Public subsidies to households not included in public expenditure. 3 Data are for Flemish Belgium only. 4 Direct expenditure on education institutions from international sources exceeds 1.5 percent of all public expenditure. 5 Country did not exist in its current form in the given year. 6 Postsecondary non-higher-education included in higher education. 7 Preprimary education (for children age 3 and older) is included in primary and secondary education. 8 Postsecondary non-higher-education included in both secondary and higher education. 9 Data for 1985 are for the former West Germany. 10 Postsecondary non-higher-education included in primary and secondary education. 11 Education at the associate's degree level is included in primary and secondary education. NOTE: Direct public expenditure on educational services includes both amounts spent directly by governments to hire educational personnel and to procure other resources, and amounts provided by governments to public or private institutions, or households. Figures for 1985 also include transfers and payments to private entities, and thus are not strictly comparable with later figures. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Education Online Database; Annual National Accounts, Vol. 1, 1997; and Education at a Glance, 2002 through 2006. (This table was prepared September 2006.) |
