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Digest of Education Statistics
2002 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest


Table 394. Selected statistics for countries with populations over 10 million, by continent: 1980, 1990, and 1997
(This is Part 1 of this table | Go to Part 2)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                 |  Mid-year population in  |Persons  |                    First level\2\
                                 |         millions         |per      |______________________________________________________________________
           Country\1\            |__________________________|square   |        Enrollment in thousands            |Gross enrollment ratio\5\
                                 |  1980  |  1990  |  1997  |kilometer|___________________________________________|__________________________
                                 |        |        |        |in 1997  |    1980    |       1990    |         1997 |  1980  | 1990   |  1997
_________________________________|________|________|________|_________|____________|_______________|______________|________|________|________
                1                |   2    |   3    |   4    |    5    |     6      |         7     |        8     |    9   |    10  | 11
_________________________________|________|________|________|_________|____________|_______________|______________|________|________|________
     World total\6\ .............|4,447.1 |5,282.0 |5,817.2 |      45 |    541,556 |       596,853 |      668,450 |     96 |     99 |    102
                                 |________|________|________|_________|____________|_______________|______________|________|________|________
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
             Africa              |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
Algeria\7\ ......................|   18.7 |   24.9 |   29.3 |      12 |      3,119 |         4,189 |\8\     4,675 |     94 |    100 |\8\ 107
Angola ..........................|    7.0 |    9.2 |   11.7 |       9 |      1,301 |\10\       990 |          --- |    175 |     92 |    ---
Burkina Faso ....................|    6.9 |    9.1 |   10.5 |      38 |        202 |           504 |\9\       701 |     17 |     33 |\9\  40
Cameroon ........................|    8.7 |   11.5 |   13.9 |      30 |      1,379 |         1,964 |\8\     1,921 |     98 |    101 |\8\  85
Cote d'Ivoire ...................|    8.2 |   11.7 |   14.2 |      45 |      1,025 |         1,415 |\8\     1,736 |     75 |     67 |\8\  71
Democratic Rep. of the Congo ....|   27.0 |   37.4 |   46.7 |      21 |      4,196 |         4,562 |\10\    5,418 |     92 |     70 |\10\ 72
Egypt\7\ ........................|   43.7 |   56.3 |   60.4 |      61 |      4,663 |         6,964 |        7,499 |     73 |     94 |    101
Ethiopia ........................|   36.4 |   48.1 |   59.8 |      60 |      2,131 |         2,466 |\8\     4,008 |     37 |     33 |\8\  43
Ghana\7\ ........................|   10.8 |   15.0 |   18.0 |      79 |\12\  1,378 |         1,945 |\10\    2,155 |     79 |     75 |\10\ 79
Kenya\7\ ........................|   16.6 |   23.5 |   28.6 |      50 |      3,927 |         5,392 |\9,15\  5,545 |    115 |     95 |\9\  85
Madagascar ......................|    9.1 |   12.6 |   14.2 |      24 |      1,724 |         1,571 |\9\     1,638 |    130 |    103 |\9\  92
Malawi ..........................|    6.2 |    9.3 |   10.3 |     109 |        810 |         1,401 |\9\     2,887 |     60 |     68 |\9\ 134
Mali ............................|    6.9 |    7.9 |   10.3 |       8 |        291 |           395 |          863 |     26 |     26 |     49
Morocco\7\ ......................|   19.4 |   24.0 |   27.3 |      61 |      2,172 |         2,484 |\8\     3,161 |     83 |     67 |\8\  86
Mozambique\7\ ...................|   12.1 |   14.2 |   16.6 |      21 |\19\  1,387 |         1,260 |\9\     1,415 |    ---       67 |\9\  60
Nigeria\7\ ......................|   72.0 |   96.2 |  117.7 |     129 |     12,117 |        13,607 |\10\   16,191 |    109 |     91 |\10\ 98
South Africa ....................|   29.2 |   37.1 |   40.7 |      33 |\15\  4,353 |         6,952 |\9\     8,159 |     90 |    122 |\9\ 133
Sudan\7\ ........................|   18.7 |   24.1 |   27.7 |      12 |      1,464 |         2,043 |\8\     3,000 |     50 |     53 |\8\  51
Uganda ..........................|   13.1 |   16.6 |   20.3 |     102 |\23\  1,292 |\15,23\  2,470 |\9\     2,912 |     50 |     74 |\9\  74
United Republic of Tanzania .....|   18.6 |   25.5 |   31.3 |      35 |      3,368 |         3,379 |        4,058 |     93 |     70 |     66
Zimbabwe ........................|    7.1 |    9.9 |   11.5 |      30 |      1,235 |         2,116 |        2,511 |     85 |    116 |    112
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
              Asia               |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
Afghanistan\7\ ..................|   16.1 |   14.8 |   24.1 |      37 |      1,116 |           623 |\9\     1,312 |     34 |     27 |\9\  49
Bangladesh ......................|   88.2 |  109.8 |  123.6 |     950 |      8,240 |        11,940 |          --- |     61 |     72 |    ---
Cambodia ........................|    6.5 |    8.7 |   11.2 |      64 |      1,328 |         1,330 |        2,012 |    --- |    121 |    113
China ...........................|  998.9 |1,155.3 |1,227.2 |     132 |    146,270 |       122,414 |      139,954 |    113 |    125 |    123
Hong Kong .......................|    5.0 |    5.7 |    6.5 |    6568 |        540 |           525 |\9\       468 |    107 |    102 |\9\  94
India ...........................|  688.9 |  850.8 |  962.4 |     324 |     73,873 |        99,118 |\8\   110,390 |     83 |     97 |\8\ 100
Indonesia .......................|  151.0 |  182.8 |  200.4 |     111 |     25,537 |        29,754 |\8\    29,236 |    107 |    115 |\8\ 113
Iran, Islamic Republic of .......|   39.3 |   59.2 |   60.9 |      38 |      4,799 |         9,370 |\8\     9,238 |\26\ 98 |    112 |\8\  98
Iraq ............................|   13.0 |   18.1 |   21.9 |      50 |      2,616 |         3,328 |\9\     2,904 |    113 |    111 |\9\  85
Japan ...........................|  116.8 |  123.5 |  126.1 |     335 |     11,827 |         9,373 |        7,855 |    101 |    100 |    101
Kazakhstan ......................|   14.9 |   16.7 |   15.8 |       6 |      1,064 |         1,197 |\8\     1,342 |     84 |     87 |\8\  98
Korea, North (DPR) ..............|   17.7 |   20.4 |   22.9 |     190 |        --- |           --- |          --- |    --- |    --- |    ---
Korea, South (Republic of) ......|   38.1 |   42.9 |   46.0 |     466 |      5,658 |         4,869 |        3,794 |    110 |    105 |     94
Malaysia ........................|   13.8 |   17.9 |   21.7 |      66 |      2,009 |         2,456 |\15\    2,841 |     93 |     94 |    101
Myanmar .........................|   33.8 |   41.4 |   43.9 |      67 |      4,148 |         5,385 |\9\     5,414 |     91 |    106 |\9\ 121
Nepal\7\ ........................|   14.5 |   18.8 |   22.3 |     156 |      1,068 |         2,789 |\8\     3,448 |     86 |    108 |\8\ 113
Pakistan ........................|   85.3 |  119.1 |  128.5 |     167 |\28\  5,474 |\28\    11,451 |          --- |     40 |     61 |    ---
Philippines .....................|   48.3 |   60.8 |   73.5 |     247 |\12\  8,034 |        10,427 |       12,159 |    112 |    111 |    117
Saudi Arabia ....................|    9.6 |   16.0 |   20.1 |       9 |        927 |         1,877 |\8\     2,256 |     61 |     73 |\8\  76
Sri Lanka\7\ ....................|   14.8 |   17.1 |   18.6 |     287 |      2,081 |         2,112 |\8\     1,844 |    103 |    106 |\8\ 109
Syrian Arab Republic ............|    8.7 |   12.4 |   14.9 |      81 |      1,556 |         2,452 |\8\     2,690 |    100 |    108 |\8\ 101
Thailand ........................|   46.7 |   55.6 |   60.6 |     119 |      7,393 |         6,957 |        5,928 |     99 |     99 |\8\  87
Turkey ..........................|   44.4 |   56.1 |   62.5 |      81 |      5,656 |         6,862 |\8\     6,389 |     96 |     99 |\8\ 107
Uzbekistan ......................|   16.0 |   20.5 |   23.7 |      57 |      1,391 |         1,778 |\10\    1,906 |     81 |     81 |\10\ 78
Viet Nam ........................|   53.7 |   66.7 |   75.5 |     232 |      7,887 |         8,862 |       10,431 |    109 |    103 |    113
Yemen ...........................|    8.2 |   11.6 |   16.1 |      31 |        --- |\21\     2,679 |\8\     2,700 |    --- |\21\ 79 |\8\  70
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
             Europe              |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
Belarus\7\ ......................|    9.7 |   10.3 |   10.3 |      49 |        750 |           615 |\8\       625 |    104 |     95 |\8\  98
Belgium .........................|    9.9 |   10.0 |   10.2 |     310 |        842 |           719 |\9\       743 |    104 |    101 |\9\ 103
Czech Republic ..................|   10.3 |   10.3 |   10.3 |     133 |        647 |           546 |\9\       542 |     96 |     96 |\9\ 104
France ..........................|   53.9 |   56.7 |   58.6 |     107 |      4,610 |         4,149 |\9\     4,005 |    111 |    108 |\8\ 105
Germany\31\ .....................|   78.3 |   79.4 |   82.1 |     235 |      3,636 |         3,431 |\8\     3,859 |    --- |    101 |\8\ 104
Greece ..........................|    9.6 |   10.2 |   10.5 |      81 |        901 |           813 |\8\       652 |    103 |     98 |\8\  93
Hungary\7\ ......................|   10.7 |   10.4 |   10.2 |     110 |      1,162 |         1,131 |\9\       507 |     96 |     95 |\9\ 103
Italy\7\ ........................|   56.4 |   57.0 |   57.5 |     196 |      4,423 |         3,056 |\8\     2,810 |    100 |    103 |\8\ 101
Netherlands\7\ ..................|   14.1 |   15.0 |   15.6 |     460 |      1,333 |         1,082 |\8\     1,231 |    100 |    102 |\8\ 108
Poland\7\ .......................|   35.6 |   38.1 |   38.7 |     127 |      4,167 |         5,189 |\9\     5,021 |    100 |     98 |\9\  96
Romania\7\ ......................|   22.2 |   23.2 |   22.6 |      98 |      3,308 |         1,253 |\8\     1,405 |    104 |     91 |\8\ 103
Russian Federation ..............|  138.7 |  148.3 |  147.3 |       9 |      6,009 |         7,596 |\10\    7,849 |    102 |    109 |\10\107
Spain\7\ ........................|   37.5 |   39.3 |   39.3 |      79 |      3,610 |         2,820 |\15\    2,610 |    109 |    109 |\8\ 109
Ukraine\7\ ......................|   50.0 |   51.9 |   50.7 |      88 |      3,592 |         3,991 |\21\    2,659 |    102 |     89 |\21\ 87
United Kingdom\7\ ...............|   56.3 |   57.6 |   59.0 |     244 |      4,911 |         4,533 |\8\     5,328 |    103 |    104 |\8\ 116
Yugoslavia, Federal Republic\7\ .|    9.5 |   10.2 |   10.6 |     104 |        --- |\32\       467 |\8\       438 |    --- |     72 |\8\  69
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
          North America          |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
Canada ..........................|   24.6 |   27.8 |   30.0 |       3 |      2,185 |         2,376 |\9\     2,448 |     99 |    103 |\9\ 102
Cuba.............................|    9.7 |   10.6 |   11.1 |     101 |      1,469 |           888 |\8\     1,095 |    106 |     98 |\8\ 106
Guatemala .......................|    6.9 |    9.2 |   10.5 |      97 |        803 |         1,165 |        1,545 |     71 |     78 |     88
Mexico ..........................|   67.6 |   83.2 |   94.3 |      49 |     14,666 |        14,402 |\8\    14,651 |    120 |    114 |\8\ 114
United States....................|  230.4 |  254.1 |  267.7 |      29 |     20,420 |        22,429 |\9\    24,046 |     99 |    102 |\9\ 102
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
          South America          |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
Argentina .......................|   28.1 |   32.5 |   35.7 |      13 |      3,917 |         4,965 |        5,153 |    106 |    106 |\8\ 113
Brazil ..........................|  121.7 |  148.0 |  163.7 |      19 |     22,598 |        28,944 |       34,229 |     98 |    106 |    125
Chile ...........................|   11.1 |   13.1 |   14.6 |      20 |      2,185 |         1,991 |\8\     2,242 |    109 |    100 |\8\ 101
Colombia ........................|   26.5 |   32.6 |   40.0 |      39 |      4,168 |         4,247 |\8,15\  4,917 |    112 |    102 |\8\ 113
Ecuador .........................|    8.0 |   10.3 |   11.9 |      43 |      1,534 |         1,846 |\8,32\  1,888 |    117 |    116 |\8\ 127
Peru ............................|   17.3 |   21.6 |   24.4 |      19 |      3,161 |         3,855 |        4,163 |    114 |    118 |    123
Venezuela .......................|   15.1 |   19.5 |   22.8 |      26 |      3,158 |         4,053 |\8\     4,262 |     93 |     96 |\8\  91
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
             Oceania             |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
                                 |        |        |        |         |            |               |              |        |        |
Australia\7\ ....................|   14.6 |   16.9 |   18.5 |       2 |      1,718 |         1,583 |        1,856 |    112 |    108 |    101
_________________________________|________|________|________|_________|____________|_______________|______________|________|________|________

---Not available.
\1\Selection based on total population for midyear 1997.
\2\First level enrollment generally consists of elementary school, grades 1-6.
\3\Second level enrollment includes general education, teacher training (at the second level), and technical and vocational education. This level generally corresponds to secondary education in the United States, grades 7-12.
\4\Third level enrollment includes college and university enrollment, and technical and vocational education beyond the high school level. There is considerable variation in reporting from country to country.
\5\Data represent the total enrollment of all ages in the school level divided by the population of the specific age groups that correspond to the school level. The year shown in this column is the one in which the school or academic year column is the one in which the school or academic year starts. Adjustments have been made for the varying lengths of first and second level programs. Ratios may exceed 100 because some countries have many students from outside the normal age range.
\6\Enrollment totals and ratios exclude Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Data do not include adult education or special education provided outside regular schools.
\7\Classification or data coverage of levels have been revised. Data by level may not be comparable over time.
\8\Data for 1996-97.
\9\Data for 1995-96.
\10\Data for 1994-95.
\11\Data for 1991-92.
\12\Excludes private institutions.
\13\Data refer to universities and exclude Al Azhar.
\14\Excludes non-university institutions (such as teacher training colleges and technical colleges) and excludes distance-learning universities.
\15\Estimated.
\16\General education enrollment only. Excludes teacher training and vocational education enrollments.
\17\Data for 1981-82
\18\Does not include professional schools.
\19\Includes initiation classes where students learn Portuguese.
\20\Data for 1992-93.
\21\Data for 1993-94.
\22\Not including the former Independent States of Transke, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei.
\23\Data refer to government aided and maintained schools only.
\24\Not including private non-university institutions.
\25\Day schools only.
\26\Data for 1985-86
\27\Does not include medical science.
\28\Includes preprimary education.
\29\Excludes some non-university institutions.
\30\Includes full-time students only.
\31\Data include both former East and West Germany.
\32\Data refer to the end of school year.
\33\Not including part-time students at community colleges.
\34\Not including ISCED level 7.
\35\Including vocational education.
\36\Data do not include Vocational Education and Training Institutes (VETS).

NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, Statistical Yearbook, 1999; World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2000. (This table was prepared September 2000.)


(This is Part 1 of this table | Go to Part 2)

2002 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest