Skip Navigation
Digest of Education Statistics
2002 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest


Table 363. Federal education support and estimated federal tax expenditures for education, by category: Fiscal years 1965 to 2002 [In millions of dollars]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
          |   Total    |                On-budget support\1\                   |     Off-budget support and nonfederal funds generated by federal legislation      ||
          | on-budget  |_______________________________________________________|___________________________________________________________________________________||Estimated
          |  support,  |          |          |         |          |            |         |  Off-   |                 Nonfederal funds                              || federal
 Fiscal   | off-budget |          |          |         |          |            |         | budget  |_______________________________________________________________||   tax
   year   |support, and|  Total   |Elementary|  Post-  |  Other   |  Research  |  Total  | support |         |Perkins |  Income  |Leveraging |Supplemental| Work-  || expendi-
          | nonfederal |          |   and    |secondary|education |     at     |         |_________| Federal |Loans\4\|Contingent|Educational|Educational | Study  ||  tures
          |   funds    |          |secondary |         |          |educational |         | Federal | Family  |        | Loans\5\ |Assistance |Opportunity | Aid\8\ ||   for
          | generated  |          |          |         |          |institutions|         | Direct  |Education|        |          | Partner-  | Grants\7\  |        ||  educa-
          | by federal |          |          |         |          |            |         | Student |  Loan   |        |          | ships\6\  |            |        || tion\9\
          |legislation |          |          |         |          |            |         |Loans\2\ |Program\3|        |          |           |            |        ||
__________|____________|__________|__________|_________|__________|____________|_________|_________|_________|________|__________|___________|____________|________||__________
    1     |     2      |    3     |    4     |    5    |    6     |     7      |    8    |    9    |   10    |   11   |    12    |    13     |     14     |   15   ||    16
__________|____________|__________|__________|_________|__________|____________|_________|_________|_________|________|__________|___________|____________|________||__________
          |                                                            Current dollars                                                                             ||
          |________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________||__________
1965 .....|   $5,354.7 | $5,331.0 | $1,942.6 |$1,197.5 |   $374.7 |   $1,816.3 |   $23.7 |       † |       † |  $16.1 |       †  |       †   |       †    |   $7.6 ||       †
1970 .....|   13,359.1 | 12,526.5 |  5,830.4 | 3,447.7 |    964.7 |    2,283.6 |   832.6 |       † |  $770.0 |   21.0 |       †  |       †   |       †    |   41.6 ||       †
1975 .....|   24,691.5 | 23,288.1 | 10,617.2 | 7,644.0 |  1,608.5 |    3,418.4 | 1,403.4 |       † | 1,233.0 |   35.7 |       †  |     $20.0 |       †    |  114.7 || $8,605.0
1980 .....|   39,349.5 | 34,493.5 | 16,027.7 |11,115.9 |  1,548.7 |    5,801.2 | 4,856.0 |       † | 4,598.0 |   31.8 |       †  |      76.8 |       †    |  149.4 || 13,320.0
          |            |          |          |         |          |            |         |         |         |        |          |           |            |        ||
1985 .....|   47,753.4 | 39,027.9 | 16,901.3 |11,174.4 |  2,107.6 |    8,844.6 | 8,725.5 |       † | 8,467.0 |   21.4 |       †  |      76.0 |       †    |  161.1 || 19,105.0
1986 .....|   48,357.3 | 39,962.9 | 17,049.9 |11,283.6 |  2,620.0 |    9,009.4 | 8,394.4 |       † | 8,142.0 |   20.2 |       †  |      72.7 |       †    |  159.5 || 20,425.0
1987 .....|   50,724.6 | 41,194.7 | 17,535.7 |10,300.0 |  2,820.4 |   10,538.6 | 9,529.8 |       † | 9,272.0 |   20.9 |     $0.6 |      76.0 |       †    |  160.4 || 20,830.0
1988 .....|   54,078.7 | 43,454.4 | 18,564.9 |10,657.5 |  2,981.6 |   11,250.5 |10,624.3 |       † |10,380.0 |   20.6 |      0.5 |      72.8 |       †    |  150.4 || 17,025.0
1989 .....|   59,537.4 | 48,269.6 | 19,809.5 |13,269.9 |  3,180.3 |   12,009.8 |11,267.8 |       † |10,938.0 |   20.4 |      0.5 |      71.9 |      $22.0 |  215.0 || 17,755.0
          |            |          |          |         |          |            |         |         |         |        |          |           |            |        ||
1990 .....|   62,811.5 | 51,624.3 | 21,984.4 |13,650.9 |  3,383.0 |   12,606.0 |11,187.2 |       † |10,826.0 |   15.0 |      0.5 |      59.2 |       48.8 |  237.7 || 19,040.0
1991 .....|   70,375.6 | 57,599.5 | 25,418.0 |14,707.4 |  3,698.6 |   13,775.4 |12,776.1 |       † |12,372.0 |   17.3 |      0.5 |      63.5 |       87.7 |  235.0 || 18,995.0
1992 .....|   74,481.1 | 60,483.1 | 27,926.9 |14,387.4 |  3,992.0 |   14,176.9 |13,998.0 |       † |13,568.0 |   17.3 |      0.5 |      72.0 |       97.2 |  242.9 || 19,950.0
1993 .....|   84,741.5 | 67,740.6 | 30,834.3 |17,844.0 |  4,107.2 |   14,955.1 |17,000.8 |       † |16,524.0 |   29.3 |       †  |      72.4 |      184.6 |  190.5 || 21,010.0
1994 .....|   92,781.5 | 68,254.2 | 32,304.4 |16,177.1 |  4,483.7 |   15,289.1 |24,527.3 |  $813.0 |23,214.0 |   52.7 |       †  |      72.4 |      184.6 |  190.5 || 22,630.0
          |            |          |          |         |          |            |         |         |         |        |          |           |            |        ||
1995 .....|   95,810.8 | 71,639.5 | 33,623.8 |17,618.1 |  4,719.7 |   15,677.9 |24,171.2 | 5,161.0 |18,519.0 |   52.7 |       †  |      63.4 |      184.6 |  190.5 || 24,600.0
1996 .....|   96,833.0 | 71,327.4 | 34,391.5 |15,775.5 |  4,828.0 |   16,332.3 |25,505.6 | 8,357.0 |16,711.0 |   31.1 |       †  |      31.4 |      184.6 |  190.5 || 26,340.0
1997 .....|  103,259.8 | 73,731.8 | 35,478.9 |15,959.4 |  5,021.2 |   17,272.4 |29,528.0 | 9,838.0 |19,163.0 |   52.7 |       †  |      50.0 |      184.6 |  239.7 || 28,125.0
1998 .....|  107,810.5 | 76,909.2 | 37,486.2 |15,799.6 |  5,148.5 |   18,475.0 |30,901.3 |10,400.1 |20,002.5 |   45.0 |       †  |      25.0 |      194.3 |  234.4 || 29,540.0
1999 .....|  113,417.2 | 82,863.6 | 39,937.9 |17,651.2 |  5,318.0 |   19,956.5 |30,553.6 | 9,953.0 |20,107.0 |   33.3 |       †  |      25.0 |      195.9 |  239.4 || 37,360.0
2000 .....|  119,541.6 | 85,944.2 | 43,790.8 |15,008.7 |  5,484.6 |   21,660.1 |33,597.4 |10,347.0 |22,711.0 |   33.3 |       †  |      50.0 |      199.7 |  256.4 || 39,475.0
2001 .....|  130,327.6 | 94,505.6 | 48,530.1 |14,893.5 |  5,880.0 |   25,202.0 |35,822.0 |10,635.0 |24,694.0 |   25.0 |       †  |      80.0 |      184.0 |  204.0 || 41,460.0
2002\10\ .|  146,484.6 |108,023.6 | 53,334.6 |22,834.1 |  6,190.5 |   25,664.5 |38,461.0 |11,404.0 |26,531.0 |   25.0 |       †  |     104.0 |      193.0 |  204.0 ||       †
          |============|==========|==========|=========|==========|============|=========|=========|=========|========|==========|===========|============|========||==========
          |                                                      Constant fiscal year 2002 dollars\11\                                                             ||
          |________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________||__________
1965 .....|  $29,289.4 |$29,159.7 |$10,625.5 |$6,550.2 | $2,049.3 |   $9,934.7 |  $129.7 |       † |       † |  $88.1 |       †  |       †   |       †    |  $41.6 ||       †
1970 .....|   58,423.2 | 54,782.1 | 25,498.3 |15,077.8 |  4,219.0 |    9,987.0 | 3,641.1 |       † |$3,367.4 |   91.7 |       †  |       †   |       †    |  181.9 ||       †
1975 .....|   75,898.5 | 71,584.7 | 32,635.9 |23,496.8 |  4,944.3 |   10,507.8 | 4,313.8 |       † | 3,790.1 |  109.6 |       †  |     $61.5 |       †    |  352.6 ||$26,450.7
1980 .....|   81,732.6 | 71,646.2 | 33,291.0 |23,088.7 |  3,216.9 |   12,049.6 |10,086.3 |       † | 9,550.5 |   66.0 |       †  |     159.5 |       †    |  310.3 || 27,666.9
          |            |          |          |         |          |            |         |         |         |        |          |           |            |        ||
1985 .....|   73,960.4 | 60,446.4 | 26,176.8 |17,306.9 |  3,264.2 |   13,698.5 |13,514.0 |       † |13,113.7 |   33.1 |       †  |     117.7 |       †    |  249.5 || 29,589.8
1986 .....|   73,092.2 | 60,404.0 | 25,771.0 |17,055.2 |  3,960.2 |   13,617.7 |12,688.2 |       † |12,306.7 |   30.5 |       †  |     109.9 |       †    |  241.1 || 30,872.4
1987 .....|   74,622.3 | 60,602.7 | 25,797.3 |15,152.6 |  4,149.2 |   15,503.6 |14,019.6 |       † |13,640.3 |   30.7 |     $0.8 |     111.8 |       †    |  236.0 || 30,643.6
1988 .....|   77,113.2 | 61,963.5 | 26,472.4 |15,197.0 |  4,251.5 |   16,042.5 |15,149.7 |       † |14,801.3 |   29.4 |      0.7 |     103.8 |       †    |  214.5 || 24,276.7
1989 .....|   81,863.0 | 66,369.9 | 27,237.8 |18,245.9 |  4,372.9 |   16,513.3 |15,493.1 |       † |15,039.6 |   28.0 |      0.8 |      98.9 |      $30.2 |  295.6 || 24,412.9
          |            |          |          |         |          |            |         |         |         |        |          |           |            |        ||
1990 .....|   83,543.0 | 68,663.4 | 29,240.5 |18,156.5 |  4,499.6 |   16,766.8 |14,879.6 |       † |14,399.2 |   20.0 |      0.7 |      78.7 |       64.9 |  316.2 || 25,324.3
1991 .....|   89,645.1 | 73,370.8 | 32,377.7 |18,734.4 |  4,711.3 |   17,547.3 |16,274.3 |       † |15,759.6 |   22.1 |      0.6 |      80.9 |      111.7 |  299.3 || 24,196.0
1992 .....|   91,764.0 | 74,517.8 | 34,407.1 |17,725.9 |  4,918.3 |   17,466.5 |17,246.2 |       † |16,716.4 |   21.4 |      0.7 |      88.7 |      119.8 |  299.3 || 24,579.3
1993 .....|  101,836.6 | 81,406.1 | 37,054.6 |21,443.7 |  4,935.7 |   17,972.0 |20,430.5 |       † |19,857.4 |   35.2 |       †  |      87.0 |      221.9 |  229.0 || 25,248.4
1994 .....|  109,231.9 | 80,355.9 | 38,032.0 |19,045.3 |  5,278.7 |   17,999.9 |28,876.0 |  $957.1 |27,329.9 |   62.0 |       †  |      85.3 |      217.4 |  224.3 || 26,642.4
          |            |          |          |         |          |            |         |         |         |        |          |           |            |        ||
1995 .....|  110,177.5 | 82,381.8 | 38,665.7 |20,260.0 |  5,427.4 |   18,028.8 |27,795.7 | 5,934.9 |21,295.9 |   60.6 |       †  |      72.9 |      212.3 |  219.1 || 28,288.7
1996 .....|  108,791.8 | 80,136.3 | 38,638.9 |17,723.8 |  5,424.3 |   18,349.4 |28,655.5 | 9,389.1 |18,774.8 |   34.9 |       †  |      35.3 |      207.4 |  214.0 || 29,593.0
1997 .....|  113,659.7 | 81,157.8 | 39,052.2 |17,566.8 |  5,526.9 |   19,011.9 |32,501.9 |10,828.8 |21,093.0 |   58.0 |       †  |      55.0 |      203.2 |  263.8 || 30,957.6
1998 .....|  117,187.6 | 83,598.6 | 40,746.6 |17,173.8 |  5,596.3 |   20,081.9 |33,589.0 |11,304.7 |21,742.3 |   48.9 |       †  |      27.2 |      211.2 |  254.8 || 32,109.3
1999 .....|  121,344.8 | 88,655.6 | 42,729.5 |18,885.0 |  5,689.7 |   21,351.4 |32,689.2 |10,648.7 |21,512.4 |   35.6 |       †  |      26.7 |      209.6 |  256.1 || 39,971.4
2000 .....|  124,610.3 | 89,588.3 | 45,647.6 |15,645.1 |  5,717.1 |   22,578.5 |35,022.0 |10,785.7 |23,674.0 |   34.7 |       †  |      52.1 |      208.2 |  267.3 || 41,148.8
2001 .....|  132,990.9 | 96,436.9 | 49,521.8 |15,197.9 |  6,000.2 |   25,717.0 |36,554.1 |10,852.3 |25,198.6 |   25.5 |       †  |      81.6 |      187.8 |  208.2 || 42,307.3
2002\10\ .|  146,484.6 |108,023.6 | 53,334.6 |22,834.1 |  6,190.5 |   25,664.5 |38,461.0 |11,404.0 |26,531.0 |   25.0 |       †  |     104.0 |      193.0 |  204.0 ||       †
__________|____________|__________|__________|_________|__________|____________|_________|_________|_________|________|__________|___________|____________|________||__________

† Not applicable.
\1\On-budget support includes federal funds for education programs tied to appropriations.
\2\The Federal Direct Student Loan (FDSL) program, renamed the William D. Ford Direct Loan program, provides students with the same benefits they are currently eligible to receive under the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program but provides loans to students through federal capital rather than through private lenders. This program is an off-budget support program.
\3\Formerly the Guaranteed Student Loan program. New student loans guaranteed by the federal government and disbursed to borrowers.
\4\Student loans created from institutional matching funds (since 1993 1/3 of federal capital contributions). Excludes repayments of outstanding loans.
\5\Student loans created from institutional matching funds (1/9 of the federal contribution). This was a demonstration project that involved only 10 institutions and had unsubsidized interest rates. Program repealed in FY 1992.
\6\Formerly the State Student Incentive Grant program. Provides dollar-for-dollar required state matching contributions. Starting in fiscal year 2000, under $30.0 million was dollar-for-dollar required state matching contributions, and over $30.0 million, the state matching is two-to-one.
\7\Institutions award grants to undergraduate students, and the federal share of such grants may not exceed 75 percent of the total grant.
\8\Employer contributions to student earnings is generally 1/3 of federal allocation.
\9\Losses of tax revenue attributable to provisions of the federal income tax laws that allow a special exclusion, exemption, or deduction from gross income or provide a special credit, preferential rate of tax, or a deferral of tax liability affecting individual or corporate income tax liabilities.
\10\Estimated.
\11\Data adjusted by the federal funds composite deflator prepared by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

NOTE: To the extent possible, federal education funds data represent outlays rather than obligations. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, compiled from data appearing in U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix, fiscal years 1967 to 2003; National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, fiscal years 1965 to 2002; and unpublished data obtained from various federal agencies. (This table was prepared June 2003.)


2002 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest