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Digest of Education Statistics
2002 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest


Table 21. Poverty status of persons, families, and children under age 18, by race/ethnicity: 1959 to 2001

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
          |      Number below the poverty level, in thousands    |          Percent below the poverty level
          |______________________________________________________|_________________________________________________________
   Year   |       |                          |In families with   |          |                          | In families with
   and    |       |                          |female householder,|          |                          |female householder,
  race/   |  All  |  In all families         |no husband present |   All    |       In all families    |no husband present
ethnicity |persons|__________________________|___________________| persons  |__________________________|___________________
          |       |       |         |Related |         | Related |          |     |         | Related  |         | Related
          |       | Total | House-  |children|  Total  |children |          |Total| House-  | children |  Total  |children
          |       |       |holder\1\|under 18|         |under 18 |          |     |holder\1\| under 18 |         |under 18
__________|_______|_______|_________|________|_________|_________|__________|_____|_________|__________|_________|_________
    1     |  2    |  3    |   4     |   5    |   6     |   7     |   8      | 9   |   10    |    11    |   12    |   13
__________|_______|_______|_________|________|_________|_________|__________|_____|_________|__________|_________|_________
All races |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1959 .....|39,490 |34,562 |   8,320 | 17,208 |   7,014 |   4,145 |22.4 (0.3)|20.8 |    18.5 |26.9 (0.4)|    49.4 |    72.2
1960 .....|39,851 |34,925 |   8,243 | 17,288 |   7,247 |   4,095 |22.2 (0.3)|20.7 |    18.1 |26.5 (0.4)|    48.9 |    68.4
1965 .....|33,185 |28,358 |   6,721 | 14,388 |   7,524 |   4,562 |17.3 (0.2)|15.8 |    13.9 |20.7 (0.4)|    46.0 |    64.2
1970 .....|25,420 |20,330 |   5,260 | 10,235 |   7,503 |   4,689 |12.6 (0.2)|10.9 |    10.1 |14.9 (0.3)|    38.1 |    53.0
1975 .....|25,877 |20,789 |   5,450 | 10,882 |   8,846 |   5,597 |12.3 (0.2)|10.9 |     9.7 |16.8 (0.4)|    37.5 |    52.7
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1980 .....|29,272 |22,601 |   6,217 | 11,114 |  10,120 |   5,866 |13.0 (0.2)|11.5 |    10.3 |17.9 (0.4)|    36.7 |    50.8
1981 .....|31,822 |24,850 |   6,851 | 12,068 |  11,051 |   6,305 |14.0 (0.2)|12.5 |    11.2 |19.5 (0.4)|    38.7 |    52.3
1982 .....|34,398 |27,349 |   7,512 | 13,139 |  11,701 |   6,696 |15.0 (0.2)|13.6 |    12.2 |21.3 (0.4)|    40.6 |    56.0
1983 .....|35,303 |27,933 |   7,647 | 13,427 |  12,072 |   6,747 |15.2 (0.2)|13.9 |    12.3 |21.8 (0.4)|    40.2 |    55.4
1984 .....|33,700 |26,458 |   7,277 | 12,929 |  11,831 |   6,772 |14.4 (0.2)|13.1 |    11.6 |21.0 (0.4)|    38.4 |    54.0
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1985 .....|33,064 |25,729 |   7,223 | 12,483 |  11,600 |   6,716 |14.0 (0.2)|12.6 |    11.4 |20.1 (0.4)|    37.6 |    53.6
1986 .....|32,370 |24,754 |   7,023 | 12,257 |  11,944 |   6,943 |13.6 (0.2)|12.0 |    10.9 |19.8 (0.4)|    38.3 |    54.4
1987 .....|32,221 |24,725 |   7,005 | 12,275 |  12,148 |   7,074 |13.4 (0.2)|12.0 |    10.7 |19.7 (0.4)|    38.1 |    54.7
1988 .....|31,745 |24,048 |   6,876 | 11,935 |  11,972 |   6,742 |13.0 (0.2)|11.6 |    10.4 |19.0 (0.4)|    37.2 |    50.6
1989 .....|31,528 |24,066 |   6,784 | 12,001 |  11,668 |   6,808 |12.8 (0.2)|11.5 |    10.3 |19.0 (0.4)|    35.9 |    51.1
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1990 .....|33,585 |25,232 |   7,098 | 12,715 |  12,578 |   7,363 |13.5 (0.2)|12.0 |    10.7 |19.9 (0.4)|    37.2 |    53.4
1991 .....|35,708 |27,143 |   7,712 | 13,658 |  13,824 |   8,065 |14.2 (0.2)|12.8 |    11.5 |21.1 (0.4)|    39.7 |    55.5
1992 .....|36,880 |27,947 |   7,960 | 13,876 |  13,716 |   8,032 |14.8 (0.2)|13.3 |    11.7 |21.1 (0.4)|    39.0 |    54.3
1993 .....|39,265 |29,927 |   8,393 | 14,961 |  14,636 |   8,503 |15.1 (0.2)|13.6 |    12.3 |22.0 (0.4)|    38.7 |    53.7
1994 .....|38,059 |28,985 |   8,053 | 14,610 |  14,380 |   8,427 |14.5 (0.2)|13.1 |    11.6 |21.2 (0.4)|    38.6 |    52.9
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1995 .....|36,425 |27,501 |   7,532 | 13,999 |  14,205 |   8,364 |13.8 (0.2)|12.3 |    10.8 |20.2 (0.4)|    36.5 |    50.3
1996 .....|36,529 |27,376 |   7,708 | 13,764 |  13,796 |   7,990 |13.7 (0.2)|12.2 |    11.0 |19.8 (0.4)|    35.8 |    49.3
1997 .....|35,574 |26,217 |   7,324 | 13,422 |  13,494 |   7,928 |13.3 (0.2)|11.6 |    10.3 |19.2 (0.4)|    35.1 |    49.0
1998 .....|34,476 |25,370 |   7,186 | 12,845 |  12,907 |   7,627 |12.7 (0.2)|11.2 |    10.0 |18.3 (0.4)|    33.1 |    46.1
1999 .....|32,258 |23,396 |   6,676 | 11,510 |  11,607 |   6,602 |11.8 (0.2)|10.2 |     9.3 |16.3 (0.4)|    30.4 |    41.9
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
2000 .....|31,054 |22,015 |   6,222 | 11,018 |  10,425 |   6,116 |11.3 (0.2)| 9.6 |     8.6 |15.6 (0.2)|    27.9 |    39.8
2001 .....|32,907 |23,215 |   6,813 | 11,175 |  11,223 |   6,341 |11.7 (0.2)| 9.9 |     9.2 |15.8 (0.2)|    28.6 |    39.3
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
 White\2\ |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1960 .....|28,309 |24,262 |   6,115 | 11,229 |   4,296 |   2,357 |17.8 (0.3)|16.2 |    14.9 |20.0 (0.4)|    39.0 |    59.9
1965 .....|22,496 |18,508 |   4,824 |  8,595 |   4,092 |   2,321 |13.3 (0.2)|11.7 |    11.1 |14.4 (0.4)|    35.4 |    52.9
1970 .....|17,484 |13,323 |   3,708 |  6,138 |   3,761 |   2,247 | 9.9 (0.2)| 8.1 |     8.0 |10.5 (0.3)|    28.4 |    43.1
1975 .....|17,770 |13,799 |   3,838 |  6,748 |   4,577 |   2,813 | 9.7 (0.2)| 8.3 |     7.7 |12.5 (0.3)|    29.4 |    44.2
1980 .....|19,699 |14,587 |   4,195 |  6,817 |   4,940 |   2,813 |10.2 (0.2)| 8.6 |     8.0 |13.4 (0.4)|    28.0 |    41.6
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1985 .....|22,860 |17,125 |   4,983 |  7,838 |   5,990 |   3,372 |11.4 (0.2)| 9.9 |     9.1 |15.6 (0.4)|    29.8 |    45.2
1990 .....|22,326 |15,916 |   4,622 |  7,696 |   6,210 |   3,597 |10.7 (0.2)| 9.0 |     8.1 |15.1 (0.4)|    29.8 |    45.9
1991 .....|23,747 |17,268 |   5,022 |  8,316 |   6,806 |   3,941 |11.3 (0.2)| 9.7 |     8.8 |16.1 (0.4)|    31.5 |    47.1
1992 .....|25,259 |18,294 |   5,160 |  8,333 |   6,907 |   3,783 |11.9 (0.2)|10.1 |     8.9 |16.0 (0.4)|    30.8 |    45.3
1993 .....|26,226 |18,968 |   5,452 |  9,123 |   7,199 |   4,102 |12.2 (0.2)|10.5 |     9.4 |17.0 (0.4)|    31.0 |    45.6
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1994 .....|25,379 |18,474 |   5,312 |  8,826 |   7,228 |   4,099 |11.7 (0.2)|10.1 |     9.1 |16.3 (0.4)|    31.8 |    45.7
1995 .....|24,423 |17,593 |   4,994 |  8,474 |   7,047 |   4,051 |11.2 (0.2)| 9.6 |     8.5 |15.5 (0.4)|    29.7 |    42.5
1996 .....|24,650 |17,621 |   5,059 |  8,488 |   7,073 |   4,029 |11.2 (0.2)| 9.6 |     8.6 |15.5 (0.4)|    29.8 |    43.1
1997 .....|24,396 |17,258 |   4,990 |  8,441 |   7,296 |   4,186 |11.0 (0.2)| 9.3 |     8.4 |15.4 (0.4)|    30.7 |    44.3
1998 .....|23,454 |16,549 |   4,829 |  7,935 |   6,674 |   3,875 |10.5 (0.2)| 8.9 |     8.0 |14.4 (0.4)|    27.6 |    40.0
1999 .....|21,922 |15,141 |   4,377 |  7,123 |   5,891 |   3,266 | 9.8 (0.2)| 8.1 |     7.3 |12.9 (0.4)|    24.7 |    35.5
2000 .....|21,242 |14,392 |   4,151 |  6,838 |   5,211 |   2,955 | 9.4 (0.2)| 7.7 |     6.9 |12.3 (0.2)|    22.1 |    33.0
2001 .....|22,739 |15,369 |   4,579 |  7,086 |   5,972 |   3,291 | 9.9 (0.2)| 8.1 |     7.4 |12.8 (0.2)|    24.3 |    34.7
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
 Black\2\ |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1959 .....| 9,927 | 9,112 |   1,860 |  5,022 |   2,416 |   1,475 |55.1 (1.0)|54.9 |    48.1 |65.5 (1.3)|    70.6 |    81.6
1966 .....| 8,867 | 8,090 |   1,620 |  4,774 |   3,160 |   2,107 |41.8 (0.9)|40.9 |    35.5 |50.6 (1.3)|    65.3 |    76.6
1970 .....| 7,548 | 6,683 |   1,481 |  3,922 |   3,656 |   2,383 |33.5 (0.9)|32.2 |    29.5 |41.5 (1.2)|    58.7 |    67.7
1975 .....| 7,545 | 6,533 |   1,513 |  3,884 |   4,168 |   2,724 |31.3 (0.8)|30.1 |    27.1 |41.4 (1.2)|    54.3 |    66.0
1980 .....| 8,579 | 7,190 |   1,826 |  3,906 |   4,984 |   2,944 |32.5 (0.8)|31.1 |    28.9 |42.1 (1.3)|    53.4 |    64.8
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1985 .....| 8,926 | 7,504 |   1,983 |  4,057 |   5,342 |   3,181 |31.3 (0.8)|30.5 |    28.7 |43.1 (1.3)|    53.2 |    66.9
1990 .....| 9,837 | 8,160 |   2,193 |  4,412 |   6,005 |   3,543 |31.9 (0.8)|31.0 |    29.3 |44.2 (1.3)|    50.6 |    64.7
1991 .....|10,242 | 8,504 |   2,343 |  4,637 |   6,557 |   3,853 |32.7 (0.8)|32.0 |    30.4 |45.6 (1.3)|    54.8 |    68.2
1992 .....|10,827 | 9,134 |   2,435 |  4,850 |   6,799 |   3,967 |33.4 (0.8)|32.9 |    30.9 |46.3 (1.3)|    54.0 |    67.1
1993 .....|10,877 | 9,242 |   2,499 |  5,030 |   6,955 |   4,104 |33.1 (0.8)|32.9 |    31.3 |45.9 (1.3)|    53.0 |    65.9
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1994 .....|10,196 | 8,447 |   2,212 |  4,787 |   6,489 |   3,935 |30.6 (0.8)|29.6 |    27.3 |43.3 (1.3)|    50.2 |    63.2
1995 .....| 9,872 | 8,189 |   2,127 |  4,644 |   6,553 |   3,954 |29.3 (0.8)|28.5 |    26.4 |41.5 (1.3)|    48.2 |    61.6
1996 .....| 9,694 | 7,993 |   2,206 |  4,411 |   6,123 |   3,619 |28.4 (0.8)|27.6 |    26.1 |39.5 (1.3)|    46.4 |    58.2
1997 .....| 9,116 | 7,386 |   1,985 |  4,116 |   5,654 |   3,402 |26.5 (0.8)|25.5 |    23.6 |36.8 (1.3)|    42.8 |    55.3
1998 .....| 9,091 | 7,259 |   1,981 |  4,073 |   5,629 |   3,366 |26.1 (0.8)|24.7 |    23.4 |36.4 (1.3)|    42.8 |    54.7
1999 .....| 8,360 | 6,688 |   1,898 |  3,644 |   5,179 |   2,997 |23.6 (0.7)|22.7 |    21.9 |32.7 (1.3)|    41.0 |    51.7
2000 .....| 7,862 | 6,108 |   1,685 |  3,417 |   4,697 |   2,830 |22.0 (0.7)|20.7 |    19.1 |30.4 (0.7)|    38.6 |    49.4
2001 .....| 8,136 | 6,389 |   1,829 |  3,423 |   4,694 |   2,741 |22.7 (0.7)|21.4 |    20.7 |30.0 (0.7)|    37.4 |    46.6
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
 Hispanic |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
origin\3\ |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1975 .....| 2,991 | 2,755 |     627 |  1,619 |   1,053 |     694 |26.9 (1.4)|26.3 |    25.1 |33.1 (1.7)|    57.2 |    68.4
1980 .....| 3,491 | 3,143 |     751 |  1,718 |   1,319 |     809 |25.7 (1.3)|25.1 |    23.2 |33.0 (1.6)|    54.5 |    65.0
1985 .....| 5,236 | 4,605 |   1,074 |  2,512 |   1,983 |   1,247 |29.0 (1.0)|28.3 |    25.5 |39.6 (1.6)|    55.7 |    72.4
1990 .....| 6,006 | 5,091 |   1,244 |  2,750 |   2,115 |   1,314 |28.1 (1.0)|26.9 |    25.0 |37.7 (1.5)|    53.0 |    68.4
1991 .....| 6,339 | 5,541 |   1,372 |  2,977 |   2,282 |   1,398 |28.7 (0.9)|28.2 |    26.5 |39.8 (1.5)|    52.7 |    68.6
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1992 .....| 7,592 | 6,455 |   1,395 |  2,946 |   2,474 |   1,289 |29.6 (0.9)|28.4 |    26.2 |38.8 (1.5)|    51.5 |    65.7
1993 .....| 8,126 | 6,876 |   1,625 |  3,666 |   2,837 |   1,673 |30.6 (0.9)|29.3 |    27.3 |39.9 (1.4)|    53.2 |    66.1
1994 .....| 8,416 | 7,357 |   1,724 |  3,956 |   2,920 |   1,804 |30.7 (0.9)|30.2 |    27.8 |41.1 (1.4)|    54.8 |    68.3
1995 .....| 8,574 | 7,341 |   1,695 |  3,938 |   3,053 |   1,872 |30.3 (0.9)|29.2 |    27.0 |39.3 (1.4)|    52.8 |    65.7
1996 .....| 8,697 | 7,515 |   1,748 |  4,090 |   3,020 |   1,779 |29.4 (0.9)|28.5 |    26.4 |39.9 (1.4)|    53.5 |    67.4/1/
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1997 .....| 8,308 | 7,198 |   1,721 |  3,865 |   2,911 |   1,758 |27.1 (0.8)|26.2 |    24.7 |36.4 (1.3)|    50.9 |    62.8
1998 .....| 8,070 | 6,814 |   1,648 |  3,670 |   2,837 |   1,739 |25.6 (0.8)|24.3 |    22.7 |33.6 (1.3)|    46.7 |    59.6
1999 .....| 7,439 | 6,349 |   1,525 |  3,382 |   2,488 |   1,471 |22.8 (0.7)|21.7 |    20.2 |29.9 (1.2)|    40.7 |    52.4
2000 .....| 7,153 | 6,025 |   1,431 |  3,173 |   2,210 |   1,303 |21.2 (0.7)|20.1 |    18.5 |27.3 (0.6)|    36.5 |    48.3
2001 .....| 7,997 | 6,674 |   1,649 |  3,433 |   2,585 |   1,508 |21.4 (0.7)|20.2 |    19.4 |27.4 (0.6)|    37.8 |    49.3
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
Asian and |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
 Pacific  |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
 Islander |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1990 .....|   858 |   712 |     --- |    356 |     132 |     --- |12.2 (1.2)|11.3 |     --- |17.0 (2.2)|    20.7 |     ---
1991 .....|   996 |   773 |     --- |    348 |     177 |     --- |13.8 (1.3)|12.1 |     --- |17.1 (2.3)|    24.6 |     ---
1992 .....|   985 |   787 |     --- |    352 |     183 |     --- |12.7 (1.2)|11.4 |     --- |16.0 (2.1)|    25.0 |     ---
1993 .....| 1,134 |   898 |     --- |    358 |     126 |     --- |15.3 (1.3)|13.6 |     --- |17.6 (2.3)|    17.4 |     ---
1994 .....|   974 |   776 |     --- |    308 |     137 |     --- |14.6 (1.3)|13.1 |     --- |17.9 (2.5)|    23.6 |     ---
          |       |       |         |        |         |         |          |     |         |          |         |
1995 .....| 1,411 | 1,112 |     --- |    532 |     266 |     --- |14.6 (1.2)|13.0 |     --- |18.6 (2.1)|    28.9 |     ---
1996 .....| 1,454 | 1,172 |     --- |    553 |     300 |     --- |14.5 (1.1)|13.2 |     --- |19.1 (2.1)|    29.5 |     ---
1997 .....| 1,468 | 1,116 |     244 |    --- |     313 |     --- |14.0 (1.1)|12.0 |    10.2 | ---  --- |    33.6 |     ---
1998 .....| 1,360 | 1,087 |     270 |    --- |     373 |     --- |12.5 (1.0)|11.4 |    11.0 | ---  --- |    33.2 |     ---
1999 .....| 1,163 |   919 |     --- |    --- |     253 |     --- |10.7 (1.0)| 9.6 |     --- | ---  --- |    23.0 |     ---
2000 .....| 1,214 |   932 |     235 |    434 |     206 |     128 |10.7 (0.9)| 9.4 |     8.8 | 14.1 --- |    19.6 |     32.3
2001 .....| 1,275 |   873 |     234 |    353 |     198 |     105 |10.2 (0.9)| 8.1 |     7.8 | 11.1 --- |    14.8 |     26.7
__________|_______|_______|_________|________|_________|_________|__________|_____|_________|__________|_________|_________

---Not available.
\1\Refers to the person who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit.
\2\Includes persons of Hispanic origin.
\3\Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, "Poverty in the United States," various years and unpublished data, and "Income, Poverty, and Valuation of Noncash Benefits," various years. (This table was prepared October 2002.)


2002 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest